{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T02:19:48Z","timestamp":1744683588258},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,11]],"date-time":"2008-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1205193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To use B\u2010flow imaging with 4\u2010dimensional (4D) sonography and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in the evaluation of normal fetal heart and congenital heart disease during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Volume data sets of the fetal heart were acquired with automated transverse and longitudinal sweeps of the anterior chest wall. We studied 13 normal fetuses and 2 fetuses with congenital heart disease (1 double\u2010outlet right ventricle and 1 hypoplastic left heart syndrome) at gestation ages ranging from 13 to 39 weeks using transabdominal 4D B\u2010flow sonography with STIC (4D BF\u2010STIC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>4D BF\u2010STIC demonstrated dynamic angiographic features in both normal and abnormal fetal hearts. 4D BF\u2010STIC images could not be obtained in 2 normal fetuses at 18.1 and 33.1 weeks because of the high fetal heart rate and inappropriate fetal position. In normal fetal heart, characteristic hemodynamic changes in both atria and ventricles were clearly demonstrated in systole and diastole. 4D BF\u2010STIC also allowed visualization of the relationship, size, and course of the outflow tracts, thus helping the examiner to better understand the relationships between the vessels. In a case of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, dramatic hemodynamic changes including the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery were evident. In a case of double\u2010outlet right ventricle with ventricular septal defect, left\u2010to\u2010right shunt flow through a ventricular septal defect was clearly shown, as were great arteries originating in parallel from the right ventricle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title><jats:p>4D BF\u2010STIC provides a means of real\u2010time 3\u2010dimensional evaluation of fetal intracardiac and extracardiac hemodynamics in the second and third trimesters. This novel technique assists in the evaluation of fetal cardiac hemodynamics and may play an important role in future fetal cardiac research and in the evaluation of congenital heart disease in the fetus. \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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