{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:24:46Z","timestamp":1762298686703,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mustard gas (MG) is a chemical warfare agent widely used in the Iran\u2010Iraq War. Its catastrophic effects on the lungs, eyes, and skin have been well studied. However, it also affects the cardiovascular system. We aimed to evaluate the long\u2010term effect of MG on right ventricular (RV) function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients presenting to the university clinics between May 2014 and September 2015 were consecutively evaluated to enter the study based on the inclusion criteria (documented proof of chemical injury, no past or present cardiovascular disease, not a current smoker, and no history of sleep apnea). A comparable control group of veterans without MG exposure was randomly selected. All patients underwent echocardiographic measurement of RV size and function by a blinded cardiologist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 23 patients in the MG\u2010exposed group and 19 subjects in the control group, with a mean age of 48.6 years. Mean chemical injury severity score was 29.7% and mean time from the MG exposure was 29.2 years. The main complaint of MG\u2010exposed patients pertained to respiratory symptoms (91%). Pulmonary artery pressure was higher (32.83 vs. 28.95 mmHg) and RV strain was lower (\u221217.05% vs. \u221220.72%) in the MG\u2010exposed than in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results present baseline RV values for MG\u2010exposed patients and show mild but significant changes after 3 decades. Further cellular and molecular studies are needed to evaluate underlying mechanisms of MG cardiotoxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T05:46:36Z","timestamp":1507182396000},"page":"160-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long\u2010term right ventricular changes in mustard\u2010exposed patients: A historical cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5423-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arezoo","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atherosclerosis Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Ali","family":"Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davoud","family":"Kazemi\u2010Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atherosclerosis Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jafar","family":"Aslani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Ghanei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"542","article-title":"Mortality and injuries among 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