{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:13:02Z","timestamp":1782825182623,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare ultrasonographic measurements of selected fetal organs in diabetic pregnancies with non\u2010diabetic pregnancies and to evaluate their potential as markers of fetal metabolic changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective comparative observational study included 143 singleton pregnancies (73 with DM and 70 with normal glucose tolerance) between 20 and 39\u2009weeks of gestation. Ultrasonographic measurements of fetal liver length, pancreas size, adrenal gland size, thymus size, and placental thickness were obtained. Measurements were standardized as <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores and correlated with maternal glycemic parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal liver length (50.20\u2009\u00b1\u200912.44 vs. 37.24\u2009\u00b1\u20096.25\u2009mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), pancreas circumference (10.62\u2009\u00b1\u20093.04 vs. 8.10\u2009\u00b1\u20092.06\u2009cm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), adrenal gland circumference (5. 58\u2009\u00b1\u20091.52 vs. 4.81\u2009\u00b1\u20091.03\u2009cm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0004), and placental thickness (45.78\u2009\u00b1\u200910.58 vs. 36.45\u2009\u00b1\u20095.48\u2009mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) were significantly increased in diabetic pregnancies. Organ measurements were significantly positively correlated with HbA1c and fasting glucose levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified fetal liver length as the strongest independent predictor of maternal diabetes (OR: 11.797, 95% CI: 2.875\u201348.405, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal diabetes is associated with selective enlargement of fetal metabolic organs. These ultrasonographic findings may serve as valuable non\u2010invasive markers to identify fetuses at risk of in utero metabolic alterations in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.24100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T07:15:23Z","timestamp":1748848523000},"page":"1554-1564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Fetal Liver, Pancreas, Thymus, and Adrenal Glands in Diabetic Versus Non\u2010Diabetic Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4183-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinem","family":"Tekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With the University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6027-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayd\u0131n","family":"Ocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With the University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filiz Yarsilikal","family":"Guleroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With the University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cagseli G\u00f6ksu","family":"Ozg\u00fcn Selcuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With the University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer G\u00f6khan","family":"Eyisoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yozgat City Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emine Ufuk B\u00fcy\u00fckkaya","family":"Ocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Okmeydan\u0131 Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With the University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Cetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With the University of Health Sciences  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1468878"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"A Morphological and Histological Study of Placentae in Diabetic Gravid Mothers","volume":"17","author":"Choudhury S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"US National Library of Medicine Enlisted Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0555"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340801908783"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6743a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010016\u20103931\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci21-0027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.16.03005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"12001","article-title":"Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Placenta Thickness and Fetal Cord Cross Section in Gestational Diabetes Mothers Compared to Control Group. Int","volume":"8","author":"Garibvand M. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1598644"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"382","article-title":"Sonographic Measurement of the Fetal Pancreas in Women With Gestational Diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Gilboa Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2022-0050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.689888"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm\u20102019\u20100146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15229"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200006000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2024-0260"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38856.692986.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0160330"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.634458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15646"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010021\u201005482\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.2.E217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-606X.23.05341-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892\u2010015\u20100579\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2022.0020"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcu.24100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T05:51:37Z","timestamp":1757137897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcu.24100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcu.24100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcu.24100","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-2751","1097-0096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-2751","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0096","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}