{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:25:23Z","timestamp":1791923123389,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Artificial intelligence (AI) interpretation of ultrasound (US) images is promising, yet its accuracy in diagnosing pleural effusions remains unclear. We conducted a comprehensive database search which identified 84 studies, of which 6 met eligibility criteria. We included 2951 patients with 58\u2009392 images and 12\u2009069 ultrasound clips. Bivariate analysis revealed a pooled sensitivity of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85\u20130.96,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and specificity of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.88\u20130.99,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with a high AUC of 0.98 under the sROC curve, although included studies had significant heterogeneity,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u200999%. AI demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy in detecting pleural effusion on ultrasound.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:36:47Z","timestamp":1767940607000},"page":"1208-1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Pleural Effusion on Ultrasound Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teck Yon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Fife  Kirkcaldy UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8883-7715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Wong Ching Hwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust  Greater Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"49","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"834","article-title":"The Differential Diagnosis of Dyspnea","volume":"113","author":"Berliner D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","article-title":"The Modern Diagnosis and Management of Pleural Effusions","volume":"351","author":"Bhatnagar R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Pleural Disease","author":"Bodtger U.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-24-36"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2025.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.23.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2006.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11100993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/58202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14231"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Pleural Effusion in Adults\u2014Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment","volume":"116","author":"Jany B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08465371231220885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.21031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.5.1486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0090-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19163"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Exploring the Multifaceted Applications of Ultrasound Imaging in Medical Diagnostics","volume":"10","author":"Muhanna A. 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