{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:54:12Z","timestamp":1791309252416,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish gestational age\u2010specific reference curves for the frontal anteroposterior diameter (FAPD) and its derived ratios\u2014FAPD to occipitofrontal diameter (FAPD\/OFD), FAPD to head circumference (FAPD\/HC), and FAPD to transverse cerebellar diameter (FAPD\/TCD)\u2014in structurally normal fetuses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective, cross\u2010sectional study conducted in three fetal medicine centers in Brazil. Ultrasound images of 495 structurally normal singleton fetuses between 18 and 38\u2009weeks of gestation were analyzed. FAPD was measured in the transventricular plane, and the FAPD\/OFD, FAPD\/HC, and FAPD\/TCD ratios were calculated. Polynomial regression models were used to construct reference curves and percentiles. Correlations between biometric parameters and gestational age were assessed using Pearson or Spearman coefficients, as appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A strong and statistically significant positive correlation was observed between FAPD and gestational age (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.93,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001;\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.87), with an average increase of 1.215\u2009mm per week. The FAPD\/OFD and FAPD\/HC ratios remained relatively stable across gestation, showing no significant correlation. In contrast, a moderate and significant inverse correlation was found between FAPD\/TCD and gestational age (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.64,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001;\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.41). Reference values for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were established for all parameters throughout the studied gestational range.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reference curves developed for FAPD and its derived ratios reflect normative frontal lobe growth patterns and provide a reliable framework for prenatal ultrasonographic assessment. The stability of FAPD\/OFD and FAPD\/HC, combined with the gestational decline in FAPD\/TCD, underscores the importance of region\u2010specific brain measurements. These curves may aid in the early detection of atypical neurodevelopment and support future population\u2010specific research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.70299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:36:38Z","timestamp":1781152598000},"page":"1894-1903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frontal Anteroposterior Diameter and Derived Ratios Between 18 and 38\u2009Weeks: Normative Curves for Fetal Neurosonography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0833-537X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Rocha","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro (UFTM)  Uberaba MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9270-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ol\u00edvia","family":"de Mendon\u00e7a e Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro (UFTM)  Uberaba MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2654-7213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoly","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro (UFTM)  Uberaba MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8739-4115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliam Cristine","family":"Rolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Paulista School of Medicine\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM\u2010UNIFESP)  S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Araujo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Paulista School of Medicine\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM\u2010UNIFESP)  S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"},{"name":"Discipline of Woman Health Municipal University of S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul (USCS)  S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6694-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Yano","family":"Callado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein Israelite College of Health Sciences, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital  S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2620-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Tonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia  Reggio Emilia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1655-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Borges","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro (UFTM)  Uberaba MG Brazil"},{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Service M\u00e1rio Palm\u00e9rio University Hospital, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE)  Uberaba MG 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