{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:51:22Z","timestamp":1791265882451,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Ultrasound"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First\u2010trimester ultrasound is a key component of the early assessment of fetal craniofacial anatomy. The fetal maxilla\u2013nasion\u2013mandible (MNM) angle has been proposed as an objective parameter for evaluating the fetal facial profile. However, reference values for this measurement during the first trimester remain limited, particularly across different populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To establish reference values for the fetal maxilla\u2013nasion\u2013mandible (MNM) angle in structurally normal singleton fetuses undergoing first\u2010trimester ultrasound screening between 11\u2009+\u20090 and 13\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cross\u2010sectional study included consecutive singleton pregnancies with structurally normal fetuses undergoing routine first\u2010trimester ultrasound screening between 11\u2009+\u20090 and 13\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks of gestation. The MNM angle was measured in a standardized midsagittal plane using two\u2010dimensional ultrasound. Fetuses with a crown\u2013rump length of 45\u201384\u2009mm and normal prenatal and postnatal outcomes were included in the reference population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 273 fetuses were included. The mean MNM angle was 11\u00b0. No correlation was found between the MNM angle and biparietal diameter (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.263), abdominal circumference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0700), or gestational age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.533). Conversely, significant correlations were observed with head circumference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), femur length (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and the frontomaxillary facial angle (FMFA) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measurement of the fetal MNM angle by two\u2010dimensional ultrasound between 11\u2009+\u20090 and 13\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks of gestation is feasible. The reference values established in this study provide a foundation for future prospective studies evaluating the potential clinical applicability of this parameter in fetuses with craniofacial abnormalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.70411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:52:06Z","timestamp":1791262326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reference Values for the Fetal Maxilla\u2013Nasion\u2013Mandible (\n                    <scp>MNM<\/scp>\n                    ) Angle Measured by Two\u2010Dimensional Ultrasound at 11\u2009+\u20090 to 13\u2009+\u20096\u2009Weeks of Gestation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6019-938X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saulo","family":"Molina\u2010Giraldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital de San Jos\u00e9 and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud \u2010 FUCS  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Fetal Therapy and Surgery Network \u2010 FetoNetwork  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica Colsubsidio Castellana  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Hern\u00e1n","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Universidad de la Sabana  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine Unit, Section of Prenatal Diagnosis and Advanced Fetal Ultrasound Medicina Perinatal Ltda  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Academic Practice Center: Department of Radiology Universidad de La Sabana  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Academic Practice Center: Department of Neonatology Universidad El Bosque  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine Unit, Section of Prenatal Diagnosis and Advanced Fetal Ultrasound Medicina Perinatal Ltda  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Academic Practice Center: Department of Radiology Universidad de La Sabana  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Academic Practice Center: Department of Neonatology Universidad El Bosque  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Lourdes","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Fetal Therapy and Fetal Surgery Unit, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital de San Jos\u00e9 and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud \u2010 FUCS  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Fetal Therapy and Surgery Network \u2010 FetoNetwork  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Universidad de la Sabana  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Therapy and Surgery Network \u2010 FetoNetwork  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Universidad de la Sabana  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Maternal\u2013Fetal Medicine Unit, Section of Prenatal Diagnosis and Advanced Fetal Ultrasound Medicina Perinatal Ltda  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Academic Practice Center: Department of Radiology Universidad de La Sabana  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Academic Practice Center: Department of Neonatology Universidad El Bosque  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5134","article-title":"Frontomaxillary Facial Angle in Chromosomally Normal Fetuses at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6\u2009Weeks","volume":"30","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Obstetrics & 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