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We aimed to investigate patterns of familial co\u2010aggregation of asthma and ADHD and also to quantify the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through Swedish register linkages, we obtained a cohort of 927,956 individuals born 1992\u20132001 and identified monozygotic twins (MZ), dizygotic twins (DZ), full\u2010 and half\u2010siblings, and full\u2010 and half\u2010cousins. Clinical diagnosis of asthma and ADHD were identified from the Swedish national registers. We used logistic regressions to investigate the within\u2010individual association and familial co\u2010aggregation between asthma and ADHD. We then used bivariate twin modeling to quantify the genetic and environmental correlations and their contributions to the familial liability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with asthma had significantly higher risk of ADHD (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47\u20131.54). Relatives of individuals with asthma had an increased risk of ADHD compared to relatives of individuals without asthma; in familial co\u2010aggregation analysis, the association was strongest in MZ twins (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.99\u20132.84) and attenuated with degree of genetic relatedness. In the twin modeling, the phenotypic and genetic correlations between asthma and ADHD estimated from the ACE model were 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05\u20130.14) and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.02\u20130.21), respectively. The bivariate heritability was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.30\u20131.46). Estimates for contributions from shared and non\u2010shared environment factors were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asthma and ADHD co\u2010aggregate in families primarily due to shared genetic risk factors. Within\u2010individual and family history of either disorder should prompt clinical assessment of the other condition. Future studies should further investigate genetic variants underlying the co\u2010occurrence of ADHD and asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T11:55:03Z","timestamp":1634990103000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Familial liability to asthma and ADHD: A Swedish national register\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0699-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shihua","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3765-2067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Kuja\u2010Halkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and 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