{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:20:09Z","timestamp":1791987609207,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003792","name":"Hj\u00e4rnfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FO2018\u20100273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FO2018\u20100273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\u201002599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\u201002599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCPP Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the last decades, the prevalence of Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased. However, the underlying explanation for this increase remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether there has been a secular change in how parents perceive the impairment conferred by ADHD symptomatology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data for this study were obtained from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, involving 27,240 individuals whose parents answered a questionnaire when the children were 9\u00a0years old. We assessed the relationship between parentally perceived impairment caused by ADHD symptoms scores over time. The analysis was performed separately for five different birth cohorts, spanning three\u2010year periods from 1995 to 2009 and for ADHD inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity dimensions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found a consistent upward trend of parents reporting impairment in relation to ADHD symptomatology across birth cohorts. Over a 12\u2010year period, comparing those born 2007\u20132009 (assessed 2016\u20132018) with those born 1995\u20131997 (assessed 2004\u20132006), impairment scores increased by 27% at clinically relevant levels of ADHD symptomatology. Notably, when specifically evaluating the hyperactivity\/impulsivity dimension, the disparity was even more striking, with an increase of up to 77%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed a significant secular change in parental perception of impairment attributed to ADHD symptomatology over recent decades, providing new insights into the increased prevalence of ADHD. It underscores the need to better understand the factors that have contributed to the increased perception of impairment related to ADHD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T12:51:09Z","timestamp":1714481469000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Changes in parental attitudes toward attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder impairment over time"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4811-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Garcia\u2010Argibay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Mental Health School of Psychology Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3765-2067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Kuja\u2010Halkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Lundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne, Psychiatry, Habilitation &amp; Aid Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Regional Inpatient Care Emergency Unit  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lichtenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovation in Mental Health School of Psychology Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry) Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Solent NHS Trust  Southampton UK"},{"name":"Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone New York University Child Study Center  New York New York USA"},{"name":"DiMePRe\u2010J\u2010Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine\u2010Jonic Area University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"ADHD diagnostic trends: Increased recognition or overdiagnosis?","volume":"119","author":"Abdelnour E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Missouri Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.14.6.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787\u2010014\u20100553\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054716661420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787\u2010018\u20101119\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054707299597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010023\u201002228\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/npy.13.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: Is it an American condition?","volume":"2","author":"Faraone S. 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