{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:16:40Z","timestamp":1792178200896,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009248","name":"Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCPP Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An Elimination Diet (ED) or Healthy Diet (HD) may be effective in reducing symptoms of Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but long\u2010term maintenance effects and feasibility have never been examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010year prospective follow\u2010up of a sample of 165 children (5\u201312\u00a0years) with ADHD randomized (unblinded; 1:1) to 5\u00a0weeks treatment with either ED (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a084) or HD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a081) and a non\u2010randomized comparator arm including 58 children being treated with Care as Usual (CAU). Dietary participants were allowed to add or switch to CAU treatment after 5\u00a0weeks. The primary outcome was a 5\u2010point ordinal measure of improvement based on both parent and teacher ratings on ADHD and dysregulation problems, determined after 1\u00a0year prospective follow\u2010up. Ordinal regression analyses and linear mixed models analyses were conducted on an intention to treat basis. In addition, as\u2010treated analyses were performed. The trial is closed and registered in the Dutch trial registry, number NL5324.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 1\u00a0year follow\u2010up, 24% of the participants still complied with the ED and 37% still complied with the HD. In the ED (+CAU) trajectory, fewer participants showed (partial) improvement after 1\u2010year prospective follow\u2010up compared to the HD (+CAU) trajectory (47% vs. 64%, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (4, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0152)\u00a0=\u00a011.97, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018). The HD (+CAU) \u2010 but not ED (+CAU) \u2010 trajectory had comparable 1\u2010year outcomes compared to the non\u2010randomized CAU\u2010trajectory. Results for secondary outcomes (e.g. health, parental stress) did not differ between the ED (+CAU) and HD (+CAU) trajectories. The prevalence of psychostimulant use was lower in the ED (+CAU) and HD (+CAU) trajectories compared to the non\u2010randomized CAU\u2010trajectory (38%, 45%, 78%, respectively). Predictors for long\u2010term benefit from dietary treatments included high initial severity of ADHD problems, low severity of emotional problems and sufficient parental mental resources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In line with the short\u2010term effects, prospective 1\u2010year follow\u2010up outcomes are in favor of treatment with HD and not ED. Initial 5\u2010week treatment with HD and if needed\/preferred followed by CAU may reduce psychostimulant use without negatively impacting 1\u2010year outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T04:44:33Z","timestamp":1720413873000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of an elimination diet and a healthy diet in children with Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: 1\u2010Year prospective follow\u2010up of a two\u2010arm randomized, controlled study (TRACE study)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6079-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick","family":"Huberts\u2010Bosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margreet","family":"Bierens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia J.","family":"Rucklidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Institute of Psychology Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogier","family":"Donders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Evidence Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gigi H. 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