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There are scarce data\u2010driven longitudinal studies, using multi\u2010modal predictors, investigating the chronicity of anxiety symptoms from childhood to young adulthood, particularly in a middle\u2010income country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>2033 youths (ages 6\u201314\u00a0years [Mean age\u00a0=\u00a010.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.94) at Baseline] were enrolled in the Brazilian High\u2010Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions longitudinal study, and assessed at three timepoints, between 2010 and 2019, using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. Confirmatory Factor Analysis provided input to Growth Mixture Models to identify the best fitting trajectory model. Multinomial logistic regression analyses tested the effects of intelligence quotient (IQ), environmental factors and polygenic risk scores on internalizing symptomatology within trajectory class membership.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The best model solution identified three classes: high\u2010decreasing, moderate\/low\u2010stable and low\u2010increasing symptoms over time. The high\u2010decreasing class showed a higher incidence of anxiety symptoms at the second time point (Mean age\u00a0=\u00a013.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.93); while anxiety symptoms were highest in the low\u2010increasing class at the third timepoint (Mean age\u00a0=\u00a018.35\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.03). Further, lower IQ predicted membership in the high\u2010decreasing trajectory class (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.68, 95% CI [0.55, 0.85]), while higher IQ predicted membership in the low\u2010increasing trajectory class (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.95, 95% CI [1.42, 2.67]). Finally, females were more likely than males to be in the low\u2010increasing trajectory class. Polygenic risk scores were not associated with anxiety trajectory class membership.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recognizing that anxiety symptoms follow diverse paths over time will allow for more effective intervention strategies. Specifically, interventions could accommodate children for greater anxiety risk in early childhood (i.e., lower IQ) versus late adolescence (i.e., higher IQ). That said, the emotional needs of girls in late adolescence should be monitored, regardless of their cognitive abilities or high achievements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T06:31:10Z","timestamp":1721197870000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The trajectory of anxiety symptoms during the transition from childhood to young adulthood is predicted by IQ and sex, but not polygenic risk scores"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6077-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Beatriz","family":"Ravagnani Salto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department &amp; Institute of Psychiatry Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni A.","family":"Salum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"},{"name":"Child Mind Institute  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4232-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maur\u00edcio Scopel","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria RS Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences UFRGS  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos L.","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica da Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Biologia Molecular  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"The Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LINC) Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Zugman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LINC) Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1943-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LINC) Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sintia I.","family":"Belangero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LINC) Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Morphology and Genetics Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Toshio","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica da Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Biologia Molecular  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"The Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience (LINC) Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria Foga\u00e7a","family":"Doretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department &amp; Institute of Psychiatry Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos S.","family":"Croci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department &amp; Institute of Psychiatry Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo J. 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