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However, not all children from low\u2010income backgrounds exhibit lower cognitive performance. Characterizing the factors that promote such resilience in youth from low\u2010income households is of crucial importance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used baseline data from participants in the lowest tertile of income\u2010to\u2010needs in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study and machine learning to identify the factors that predict fluid and crystallized cognitive resilience among youth from low\u2010income backgrounds. Predictors included 164 variables across child characteristics, family and developmental history, and environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our models were reliably able to predict resilience but were substantially more accurate for crystallized cognition (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.75) than for fluid cognition (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.67). Key predictors included developmental factors such as birthweight and duration of breastfeeding, neighborhood\u2010level factors (e.g., living in concentrated privilege, enrollment in advanced placement courses), children's own temperament and mental health, and other factors such as physical activity and involvement in extracurricular activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach to promoting cognitive resilience among children from low\u2010income households in future intervention work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T01:55:10Z","timestamp":1734746110000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Beyond the income\u2010achievement gap: The role of individual, family, and environmental factors in cognitive resilience among low\u2010income youth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divyangana","family":"Rakesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Department Institute of Psychiatry Psychology &amp; Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Harvard University  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2050-9475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Sadikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H. 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