{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:56:21Z","timestamp":1781243781395,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24gn0110079h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24gn0110079h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24gn0110088s0401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24gn0110088s0401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008667","name":"SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008667","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22H00492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H00492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K12745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K12745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K05786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K05786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K05810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K05810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K00778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K00778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004330","name":"Smoking Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022G028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022G028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCPP Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurodevelopmental delay precedes attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses. However, exactly when this emerges in association with these outcomes remains unclear. We investigated (1) the earliest representations of neurodevelopmental variation and (2) what neurodevelopmental variations at an early age (10\u00a0months to 3\u00a0years) are specifically associated with the emergence of parentally reported behavioral traits of ADHD, ASD, and related disorders at age 9.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort of Mothers and Children (HBC Study) born between December 2007 and March 2012 were enrolled and followed from birth to age 9. Standardized scores of neurodevelopment across five domains (gross motor, visual reception, fine motor, receptive language, and expressive language) were calculated using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at ages 10, 14, 18, 24, 32, and 40\u00a0months. ADHD and ASD traits were ascertained as\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores using the ADHD\u2010Rating Scale and Social Responsiveness Scale\u20102 at age 9. To explore the earliest recognition of neurodevelopmental variation with credibility, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to estimate the total effects of the linear associations between exposures and outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>836 children (405 females, 48%) were enrolled in the analysis. The ADHD trait was associated with visual reception score before age 1 and was concurrent with both fine motor and receptive language scores between ages 1\u20132. The ASD trait was associated with gross motor score before age 1 and expressive language score between ages 1.5 and 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suboptimal visual\u2010motor coordination can be a prototype of the ADHD trait, while a cascading pattern of suboptimalities from gross motor to language domains can be a prototype of the ASD trait. The distinct neurodevelopmental variations related to ADHD and ASD traits running in the general population can be found before age 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T06:40:48Z","timestamp":1760337648000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurodevelopmental variations cascading from age 10 months to 3 years leading to attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder\/autism traits at age 9 in a general population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-4199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji J.","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chilba University and University of Fukui  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagahide","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chilba University and University of Fukui  Suita Japan"},{"name":"Department of Developmental Disorders National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Queens College and Graduate Center City University of New York  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Newcorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigenobu","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Shizuoka Psychiatric Medical Center  Shizuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Showa Medical University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Kanazawa University School of Medicine  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuuka","family":"Ishikawa\u2010Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akemi","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chilba University and University of Fukui  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Shafiur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chilba University and University of Fukui  Suita Japan"},{"name":"Kanagawa University of Human Services Graduate School of Health Innovation  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Iwabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chilba University and University of Fukui  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeko","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chilba University and University of Fukui  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikue","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Nakayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Amma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4776-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Hamamatsu Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Child Development, The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chilba University and University of Fukui  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010014\u20102229\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787\u2010019\u201001298\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787\u2010015\u20100753\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1801196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.57.5.542"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689\u2010015\u20109117\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/dbp.0000000000001258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512517690607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712447858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578\u2010020\u201000993\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2007.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402\u2010018\u20100280\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000390"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020\u2010011270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","volume-title":"Mullen scales of early learning","author":"Mullen E. M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","volume-title":"Nihonban WISC\u2010IV chin\u014d kensa","author":"Nihonban WISC\u2010IV Kank\u014d Iinkai","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0000000000000996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mop.0000000000000413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010021\u201005289\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.21644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Standardization of the Japanese version of the ADHD\u2010RS","volume":"58","author":"Tanaka Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seishin Igaku"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118381953.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210062401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174410000140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431\u2010025\u201006009\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001"}],"container-title":["JCPP Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcv2.70053","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcv2.70053","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcv2.70053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:59:06Z","timestamp":1781240346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcv2.70053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcv2.70053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcv2.70053","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2692-9384","2692-9384"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2692-9384","type":"print"},{"value":"2692-9384","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]]},"article-number":"e70053"}}