{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T08:04:47Z","timestamp":1789286687980,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCPP Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facets of decision\u2010making and risk\u2010taking are implicated in adolescent health risk behaviors; however, whether they may lead to adolescent engagement in substance use, gambling, and self\u2010harm is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used the Millennium Cohort Study to test whether a task\u2010based measure of decision\u2010making and risk\u2010taking predicts engagement in adolescent health risk behaviors. Participants were born in the United Kingdom (2000\u20132002) and surveyed in\u2010home at ages 14 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a010,531) and 17 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08417). A computerized task\u2010based measure of decision\u2010making and risk\u2010taking for reward (Cambridge Gambling Task) measured impulsivity, quality of decision\u2010making, risk adjustment, and risk\u2010taking (exposures) at age 14. Several health risk behaviors (outcomes) were self\u2010reported at 14\/17\u00a0years: cigarette use, electronic cigarette\/vaping use, drinking, cannabis use, other illegal drug use (e.g., ecstasy), gambling, and self\u2010harm. We conducted adjusted multinomial and logistic regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computerized task\u2010based measures of greater impulsivity and risk\u2010taking were most consistently associated with self\u2010reported health risk behaviors at 14 and 17\u00a0years. Better quality of decision\u2010making and risk adjustment were inconsistently associated with health outcomes at age 14; however, better risk adjustment was related to a reduced likelihood of all levels of cigarette and e\u2010cigarette\/vaping use (e.g., occasionally\/regularly) when compared to nonusers. At age 14, risk\u2010taking was associated with every self\u2010reported health risk behavior (e.g., substance use, gambling) except for self\u2010harm. In prospective models, relationships were attenuated, but risk\u2010taking predicted new onset engagement in all forms of substance use except alcohol consumption and self\u2010harm. Risk\u2010taking was most strongly associated with other drug use (age 14: odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a011.26, 95% CI: 1.48, 86.01) and predictive of former vaping use (age 17: OR\u00a0=\u00a04.10, 95% CI: 1.43, 11.76).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risky betting on a computerized risk\u2010taking task appears highly indicative of substance use and recent gambling at age 14 and predictive of new onset substance use and gambling 3\u00a0years later (age 17) for both sexes, but not self\u2010harm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T23:39:41Z","timestamp":1765323581000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decision\u2010making and risk\u2010taking as predictors of health risk behaviors in the Millennium Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole G.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Condran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise E.","family":"DeVito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8587-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010Claude","family":"Geoffroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology McGill University  Montreal Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University &amp; Douglas Mental Health University Institute  Montreal Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Colman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Fertility and Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2017.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(21)00026\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Millennium cohort study: Interpreting the CANTAB cognitive measures (first edition)","author":"Atkinson M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.2.2013.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2007.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education University College London (UCL). 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