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Little is known about the role of anticipatory fear processing early childhood, which is a sensitive period for anxiety development. Free\u2010viewing paradigms provide a useful method for investigating brain activation during fear anticipation because they present stimuli in a manner that mirrors the participant's natural environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and fifty\u2010nine, high\u2010risk children (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05.93\u00a0years; SD\u00a0=\u00a01.16) (54% female) watched an episode of a children's animated program that relied on anticipatory fear for the main plot line. Parents rated children on anxiety symptoms. Data was analyzed using both general linear modeling (GLM) and independent components analysis (ICA) to determine task\u2010dependent regional and network response to positively and negatively\u2010valenced time\u2010series in the episode.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLM analyses identified significant positive regional activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and thalamus that fluctuated during the negative timecourse as a function of anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, ICA analyses revealed diminished network connectivity between (1) the anterior cingulate and raphe nuclei and (2) the right temporoparietal junction, left superior parietal lobule, and lingual gyri as a function of anxiety symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings point to fractured communication between emotion and sociocognitive processing regions as a function of increased anxiety in early childhood. The findings of this study can point to neural mechanisms present in early anxiety symptomatology before the traditionally defined onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.70158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:20:56Z","timestamp":1786947656000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identifiable regional and neural network abnormalities in early childhood anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0020-9472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalil I.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denny","family":"Schaedig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bankston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoushka","family":"Parnerkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrinidhi","family":"Jeyaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8572-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Melhem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0750-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan B.","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13112219"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291720004468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583\u2010200205000\u201000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20581"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"1636","article-title":"Mapping functionally related regions of brain with functional connectivity MR imaging","volume":"21","author":"Cordes D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Handbook of infant, toddler, and preschool mental health assessment","author":"Egger H. 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