{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1791327975830,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose\/Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the most difficult local anesthetic blocks to master in dentistry is the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Historically, dental students have practiced local anesthesia on one another. At the University of Colorado, these practice sessions have been limited to one required laboratory session. The predictability and confidence of student IANB success have not been high in the past. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel IANB simulator, built on a three dimensional (3D)\u2010printed mixed\u2010reality haptic model, for second\u2010year dental students to practice on prior to their laboratory session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010nine student participants volunteered to practice with the IANB simulator. Participants were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. Self\u2010reported confidence and injection\u2010specific accuracy were measured during IANB simulator practice and the laboratory session. During lab, partner numbness was assessed as a measure of IANB success. Groups A (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) and B (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 19) practiced with the simulator before and after laboratory, respectively. Injection domains were not assessed during Group B's practice with the IANB simulator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported confidence increased for both groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). However, for anesthetic success, Group A exhibited significantly greater success (52.6%) than Group B (17.6%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.029).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported confidence in performing an IANB improved and higher anesthetic success was achieved for Group A. Further investigation is necessary to determine the long\u2010term impact of using the IANB simulator in dental education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T18:19:45Z","timestamp":1670869185000},"page":"583-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A pilot study of local anesthesia training using a mixed\u2010reality haptic fidelity model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jensine M.","family":"Lamira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology School of Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte S.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tulane University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah C.","family":"Leppek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology School of Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caley M.","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology School of Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Colorado Denver  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurice M.","family":"De la Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Dentistry, Division of Periodontics School of Dental Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Greany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology School of Medicine at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.128891"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"641","article-title":"Dentists troubled by the administration of anesthetic injections: long\u2010term stresses and effects","volume":"25","author":"Simon JF","year":"1994","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.1.13278"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"The missed inferior alveolar block: a new look at an old problem","volume":"31","author":"Milles M","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block.","author":"Rathee M","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.018.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2015.79.12.tb06040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17116\/stomat201695648-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2021.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.019.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12529"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02077-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-021-00604-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.2012.00760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1389-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"S42","article-title":"Augmented reality in clinical dental training and education","volume":"71","author":"Haji Z","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays","volume":"77","author":"Milgrom P","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEICE Trans Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.019.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.019.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576906201005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.1996.96236280"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","article-title":"Injectable local anaesthestic agents for dental anaesthesia","volume":"7","author":"St George G","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":". Introduction to Leadership: MSL I","author":"United States. Department of the Army","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":". Advanced Map and Aerial Photograph Reading","author":"United States. War Department","year":"1944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","volume-title":"Editors of Encyclopaedia. Altitude and Azimuth. Britannica","author":"Britannica T","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199012000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2008.01507.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.13151","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jdd.13151","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.13151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T02:27:12Z","timestamp":1692671232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdd.13151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdd.13151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.13151","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0337","1930-7837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0337","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-7837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}