{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:55:36Z","timestamp":1790193336687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tele\u2010consultations are increasingly used for screening and diagnosis. Only a few studies have assessed dental students\u2019 visual attention to clinical images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To (i) determine dental students\u2019 gaze behavior, visual fixations, and diagnostic competence while viewing clinical images, and (ii) explore potential opportunities to strengthen the teaching\u2013learning approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tobii Pro Nano\u2010device captured the eye\u2010tracking data for 65 dental undergraduate students in this cross\u2010sectional study. The predetermined areas of interest (AOI) for all five clinical photographs were uploaded onto Tobii software. All participants used a think\u2010aloud protocol with no restrictions to view time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 325 clinical pictures were analyzed, and the average view time was 189.25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a076.90 s. Most participants started at the center of the image (three frontal photos), spent a significant share of their view time on prominent findings, did not follow a systematic pattern, and exhibited diagnostic incompetence. Also, most participants followed a \u201cZ\u201d viewing pattern (oscillating movement from left to right) for the remaining two pictures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects frequently fixated on the prominent AOI, however, failed to make the correct diagnosis. Their view patterns revealed no sequential viewing. Therefore, emphasizing knowledge about common dental abnormalities and focusing on full coverage of clinical pictures can improve dental students\u2019 diagnostic competence and view patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T11:43:40Z","timestamp":1709725420000},"page":"606-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Visual interpretation of clinical images among dental students using eye\u2010tracking technology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Muthu","family":"MS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University)  Chennai India"},{"name":"Centre of Medical and Bio\u2010Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University  Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6891-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Y","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Dental School The University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"FelsyPremila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Clinical Research Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University)  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latha","family":"Nirmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University)  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Sujitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Bhavyaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University)  Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel M","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Dental School The University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P","family":"Anthonappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Dental School The University of 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