{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:38:53Z","timestamp":1758893933936,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workplace violence (WPV), such as physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening behavior, commonly occurs within healthcare settings including dentistry. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavioral and environmental factors contributing to WPV, determine its prevalence within one dental institution, and develop a WPV prevention and management protocol that is dental specific.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify factors that impact WPV occurrence, the PRECEDE\u2013PROCEED planning model was employed. A pilot cross\u2010sectional survey was then conducted among faculty, staff, and dental learners (students\/residents) to evaluate the prevalence of WPV incidents experienced and witnessed over the past year. The survey also assessed the locations where incidents took place, their type, and the strategies employed to manage them. A comprehensive protocol aimed at preventing and managing WPV in dental settings was subsequently developed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple factors influence the occurrence of WPV. The prevalence of experienced and witnessed WPV incidents was 22% and 24% among faculty\/staff and 7% and 5% among learners, respectively. Verbal aggression was the most common type of WPV. Most respondents lacked awareness of the available reporting mechanisms for WPV. A WPV prevention and management protocol was developed, consisting of five steps: intervene, report, document, access support services, and resolve (IRDAR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Administrators must have a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of violence in their workplace and the underlying factors that contribute to it in order to take appropriate action. IRDAR is a clearly defined and easily implemented protocol designed for preventing and managing WPV in dental learning environments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T04:10:29Z","timestamp":1720843829000},"page":"1642-1651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Framework for managing inappropriate behavior in clinical dental learning environments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Thikriat","family":"Al\u2010Jewair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Scates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Equity Diversity and Inclusion, School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugena","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meelin D.","family":"Chin Kit\u2010Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Community Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Labor.Occupational Safety Health Administration. Workplace Violence. Accessed June 30 2023.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/workplace\u2010violence"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Labor.Occupational Safety Health Administration. Updates guidance for protecting healthcare and social service workers from workplace violence. OSHA National News Release. Accessed June 30 2023.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/news\/newsreleases\/national\/04022015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed\u20102019\u2010105849"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010019\u20100974\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Labor.Occupational Safety Health Administration. Guidelines for Preventing Workplace Violence for Health Care and Social Service Workers. OSHA 3148\u201006R.2016. Accessed September 30 2023.https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/osha3148.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670\u2010019\u201000905\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Guidelines on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector","author":"Wiskow C","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjq.2022.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"Congress U. H.R.1195 \u2013 Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act.2022. Acccessed June 30 2023.https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/117th\u2010congress\/house\u2010bill\/1195\/text"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10112239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR\u2010182784"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678\u201077572010000500004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981740020S106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.018.105"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.13662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T04:01:07Z","timestamp":1734062467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdd.13662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdd.13662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.13662","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0337","1930-7837"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-0337"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1930-7837"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}