{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:04:38Z","timestamp":1791911078002,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study assessed the feasibility of a virtual patient\u2010based learning (VPBL) platform as an educational tool to address insufficient clinical exposure to temporomandibular disorder (TMD) cases in predoctoral dental education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VPBL platform, developed with Articulate Storyline, featured 15 virtual patients (VPs) based on Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. In a two\u2010step study, 40 third\u2010 and fourth\u2010year dental students rated the platform's feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, burden, and usability using standardized Likert\u2010based scales. In Cohort 1, 20 students (65.0% females; 26.9 \u00b1 3.3 years old) evaluated the 15 VPs and provided feedback. Cohort 2\u2010study consisted of adjusting the VPs based on feedback from Cohort 1 and re\u2010piloting the cases on 20 randomly selected 4th\u2010year students (68.4% females; 26.8 \u00b1 1.9 years old). Scores from Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 were compared using independent t\u2010tests; qualitative exit interviews were conducted on all participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Cohort 1 study revealed high ratings in acceptability (4.4 \u00b1 0.5, range 1\u20135), appropriateness (4.4 \u00b1 0.6, range 1\u20135), feasibility (4.2 \u00b1 0.5, range 1\u20135), and usability (73.8 \u00b1 15.2, range 0\u2013100), with a minimal burden (the greatest being the difficulty of use, 1.9 \u00b1 0.6, range 0\u20134). In the Cohort 2 study, the VPBL was adjusted according to feedback, and five additional VPs were created. Compared to the Cohort 1\u2010study, the modified\u2010VPBL obtained significantly higher scores in acceptability (4.8 \u00b1 0.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015), appropriateness (4.7 \u00b1 0.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.035), feasibility (4.7 \u00b1 0.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), usability (83.6 \u00b1 12.9,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.034), and lower scores in difficulty of use (1.5 \u00b1 0.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VPBL platform demonstrated feasibility as an educational tool for integration into the TMD curriculum for third\u2010 and fourth\u2010year dental students. These Phase I data provide scientific validation for more rigorous testing on a broader scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T23:38:53Z","timestamp":1746574733000},"page":"117-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Testing an Educational Resource for Implementation in Temporomandibular Disorders Curriculum Through a Phase I Define and Refine Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-5594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Sangalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine \u2013 Illinois, Midwestern University  Downers Grove Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine \u2013 Illinois, Midwestern University  Downers Grove Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Fricton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of TMD and Orofacial Pain, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Lok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer &amp; Information Science &amp; Engineering, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Boggero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Orofacial Pain Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management","author":"The American Academy of Orofacial Pain","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.Facial Pain.2015. 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