{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:04:50Z","timestamp":1792033490244,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately, 5%\u201312% of adults in the United States are estimated to have temporomandibular disorders (TMD), making it crucial that dentists are optimally trained to diagnose and treat TMD. The objectives were to assess dental students\u2019 TMD\u2010related education, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior and explore if personal TMD\u2010related experiences were associated with constructs of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 469 dental students participated in this survey\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study by reporting personal TMD experiences, TMD\u2010related knowledge, attitudes, and professional behaviors. Factor analyses were used to create indices for constructs of interest. Hypotheses about the relationships between these constructs were tested in correlational analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Approximately, 29.5% were satisfied with their TMD\u2010related dental school education, 49.9% felt well\u2010prepared to diagnose TMD in classroom, and 35.6% in clinical settings; 35.4% felt well prepared in classroom and 25.2% in clinical settings about treating TMD; 29.4% were confident in their TMD\u2010related knowledge. Students described their knowledge about risk factors (5\u2010point scale with 1 =\n                      <jats:italic>no knowledge<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Mean\/SD = 4.20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.511) and psychosocial risk factors (Mean\/SD = 3.63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.670), positively. They had positive TMD\u2010related attitudes, specifically that it is important to diagnose TMD (Mean\/SD = 4.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.658), that they felt responsible to treat patients with TMD (Mean\/SD = 4.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.754) and would manage TMD in their career (Mean\/SD = 4.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.756). They neither disagreed\/nor agreed that they were comfortable selecting (Mean\/SD = 2.90\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.930) and performing diagnostic procedures (Mean\/SD = 2.80\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.937), recognizing TMD signs\/symptoms (Mean\/SD = 3.32\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.909) and treating patients with TMD (Mean\/SD = 2.82\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.924). The more severe their own TMD\u2010related problems were, the more they knew about diagnosing and treating TMD (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.11;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and risk factors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.15;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), but the more they realized their own TMD\u2010knowledge related limitations (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.13;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). The more TMD\u2010related experiences they had, the more they educated themselves about TMD (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.13;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), the more motivated they were to learn more about it (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.15;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), the more they knew about risk factors (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.17;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), the more positive were their attitudes (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.13;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and the more positively they evaluated treating patients with TMD (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.19;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental education about TMD has to be improved. Personal TMD experiences are positively associated with TMD\u2010related educational motivation, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:27:46Z","timestamp":1755840466000},"page":"656-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dental Students\u2019 Temporomandibular Disorder\u2010Related Education, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior, How Do Personal Experiences Matter?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Dentistry  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Hatfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Michigan School of Dentistry  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti K.","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Dentistry  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6279-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marita R.","family":"Inglehart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department of Psychology School of Dentistry College of Literature University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1993.0200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419893823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2013.221"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Patterns of Dental Care Utilization Among Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"22","author":"Hobson K. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610396"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.1973.37.4.tb00669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2007.0142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.1992.56.9.tb02682.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Accreditation Standards for Pre\u2010doctoral Dental Education Programs","author":"Commission on Dental Accreditation","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders Core Curriculum for Predoctoral Dental Education","volume":"35","author":"AAOP Committee on TMD Pre\u2010doctoral Education","year":"2021","journal-title":"Recommendations from the American Academy of Orofacial Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders, Current Status of Research, Education, Policies, and Its Impact on Clinicians in the United States of America","volume":"54","author":"Klasser G. D.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Quintessence International"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current Status of Temporomandibular Disorders Education in U.S. Predoctoral Dental Curricula, a Nationwide Survey","author":"Sangalli L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.1990.54.6.tb02430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2016.80.12.tb06232.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Dentists in Tehran, Iran","volume":"4","author":"Baharvand M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2016.1196295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14792779943000116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","volume-title":"Scale Development, Theory and Applications","author":"DeVellis R. F.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","unstructured":"K.Solana \u201cAmerican Board of Orofacial Pain Recognized as National Certifying Board for Orofacial Pain \u201dAda News March 30 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"\"Facial Pain \"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (US) 2013 http:\/\/www.nidcr.nih.gov\/DataStatistics\/FindDataByTopic\/FacialPain\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","volume-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders, Priorities for Research and Care","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03710-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"Census Bureau 2024 Updates to Race\/Ethnicity Standards for Our Nation"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.07.014"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Care of Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders, an Educational Challenge","volume":"16","author":"Gonzalez Y. M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2015.79.10.tb06014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084416679648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2020.1812816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2014.78.10.tb05811.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.2009.00583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7513.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.018.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2024.06.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.70008","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jdd.70008","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.70008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:22:33Z","timestamp":1781511753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdd.70008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdd.70008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.70008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0337","1930-7837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0337","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-7837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}