{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:04:37Z","timestamp":1791911077261,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DE034042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DE034042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compensate for inadequate clinical exposure to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among dental students during predoctoral training, a virtual patient\u2010based learning (VPBL) platform was developed for integration into the TMD predoctoral curriculum. This study tested the VPBL's content validity among 10 orofacial pain (OFP) experts responsible for TMD education at U.S. institutions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a digital platform of 20 virtual patients (VPs) using Articulate Storyline, featuring common OFP conditions (based on Diagnostic Criteria for TMD) and divided into four modules (muscular\u2010TMD, articular\u2010TMD, mixed\u2010TMD, and non\u2010TMD). Each OFP\u2010expert was randomly assigned to one VP from each module (a total of 4 VPs). VP's content validity was assessed through the Suitability Assessment of Materials across 6 domains (content, literacy level, graphics, layout, learning simulation, and cultural appropriateness) by computing Item\u2010Level Content Validity Index (0\u20101 I\u2010CVI, with \u22650.78 = \u201cexcellent validity\u201d based on established recommendations), Scale\u2010CVI\/Universal Agreement (0\u20101 S\u2010CVI\/UA, with \u22650.8 = \u201cexcellent\u201d), and total suitability score (0%\u2013100%, with \u226570% = \u201csuperior material\u201d).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total suitability score was 89.1%\u00b15.1 (range 81.2%\u201393.2%), corresponding to \u201csuperior material.\u201d The average VP's CVI was 0.95\u00b10.01. The literacy level category received the lowest scores due to &gt;9th\u2010grade reading level demand (I\u2010CVI 0.28\u00b10.38, range 0.22\u20130.33). The S\u2010CVI\/UA was 0.93\u00b10.04 (range 0.86\u20131.00) across all VPs, the lowest being a case of disc displacement without reduction in the articular TMD module (average I\u2010CVI = 0.86).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VPBL platform, designed for predoctoral TMD education, demonstrated excellent content validity among OFP experts. Future steps include testing its implementation in the TMD curriculum of a large predoctoral school.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T07:57:49Z","timestamp":1756886269000},"page":"681-692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Content Validity Assessment of a Virtual Patient\u2010Based Learning Platform for TMD Education among Orofacial Pain Experts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-5594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Sangalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine \u2013 Illinois Midwestern University  Downers Grove Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine \u2013 Illinois Midwestern University  Downers Grove Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Alessandri\u2010Bonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Clinic A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS Catholic University of Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Mirfarsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine Western University of Health Sciences  Pomona California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, and Oral Radiology College of Dentistry University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03710-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Facial Pain Accessed August 27 2015 http:\/\/wwwnidcrnihgov\/DataStatistics\/FindDataByTopic\/FacialPain\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7886248"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2016.1196295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Dentists in Tehran, Iran","volume":"4","author":"Baharvand M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.2007.00458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jips.jips_573_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01259-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2025.2482265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11101168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorder Education Amongst Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Postgraduate Programs","volume":"0","author":"Ojo S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2024.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders: Priorities for Research and Care","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490512000207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders: Current Status of Research, Education, Policies, and Its Impact on Clinicians in the United States of America","volume":"54","author":"Klasser G. 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