{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:18:00Z","timestamp":1789165080981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Panoramic radiography is commonly used in the management of dental\u2010alveolar pathology. Novice clinicians are prone to technical errors that diminish the diagnostic quality of radiographs. The objective of this study was to analyze technical errors made during panoramic exposures by third\u2010year (D3) dental students in order to enhance educational outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four panoramic formative assessments (FAs) and one final summative assessment (SA) conducted by D3 students were evaluated. Technical errors\u2014including misalignment of Frankfort plane, midsagittal plane, focal trough, tongue and spinal positioning, presence of foreign objects, and exposure errors\u2014were recorded. Error counts and probabilities, as well as changes in error patterns across assessments, were analyzed using the Clopper\u2013Pearson interval and the SCORE method, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common errors among D3 students were chin up (41.02%), head rotation (24.84%), tongue placement errors (17.19%), chin down (16.36%), head tilt (9.91%), and presence of foreign objects (9.14%). Students made up to four errors\/exposure, with most making either one (37.93%) or two (36.12%) errors. The majority of images were diagnostic, with only three nondiagnostic images in FA2 and one in FA3. Although there was no statistically significant difference in error probabilities across assessments, an increasing trend in Frankfort plane, midsagittal plane, and spinal positioning errors was observed in SA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All D3 students passed SA by producing diagnostic panoramic radiographs, demonstrating the effectiveness of clinical instruction. However, errors involving Frankfort plane, midsagittal plane, and spinal positioning persisted, suggesting that enhanced instructional focus on these areas is necessary to optimize the imaging performance of dental students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T05:35:33Z","timestamp":1766122533000},"page":"1335-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Panoramic Acquisition Errors by Predoctoral Dental Students"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Zachary B.","family":"Featherstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine  Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine  Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine  Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(89)90052-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300100928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030\u20104220(94)90301\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11177858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100528.1986.tb01484.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"The Current Status of Panoramic Radiography","volume":"37","author":"Hirschmann P. N.","year":"1987","journal-title":"International Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742\u20106723.12308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1986.0212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2012.42.4.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_213_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"White and Pharoah's Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation","author":"Mallya S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030\u20104220(87)90240\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800182a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp\u20104\u20102\u201024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology","author":"Whaites E.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dmfr\/twaf039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_781_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Image Quality Assessment in Panoramic Dental Radiography: A Comparative Study Between Conventional and Digital Systems","volume":"3","author":"Sabarudin A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Quantitative Imaging Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2024.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010025\u201005812\u2010x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.70120","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jdd.70120","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.70120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:51:57Z","timestamp":1789163517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdd.70120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdd.70120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.70120","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0337","1930-7837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0337","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-7837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}