{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1791327975533,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advancements in three\u2010dimensional (3D) printing have introduced innovative tools for medical and dental education. In dental surgery, 3D\u2010printed simulation models offer valuable presurgical training. This review explores the scope, study types, key findings, limitations, and future research needs to enhance their application in dental education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across seven major health and education databases for studies published up to June 2025. A structured search strategy was developed using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords related to dental and oral surgical procedures, educational interventions, and 3D printing. Two reviewers independently screened and evaluated the retrieved articles. Studies were included if they investigated the use of 3D\u2010printed models as hands\u2010on simulation tools for intraoral surgery education. Only peer\u2010reviewed articles published in English were considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3686 studies were identified, 34 of which met the inclusion criteria after screening. These studies, largely published within the past decade, evaluated the use of 3D\u2010printed models as training tools across five core areas of intraoral surgery, with the greatest focus on minor oral surgery (32%) and maxillofacial related procedures: orthognathic procedures (26%), followed by cleft palate surgery (15%), implant surgery (15%), and periodontal interventions (12%). Various printers and materials were employed, with an emphasis on model fabrication and evaluation through trainee feedback. The models were widely accepted by trainees, who reported improved technical skills, increased confidence, and reduced procedure time. However, challenges remain, particularly the need for advanced soft tissue\u2010replicating material to enhance anatomical realism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D\u2010printed models are effective tools for pre\u2010operative planning and hands\u2010on training in oral surgery. Future research should focus on developing cost\u2010efficient printing technologies and advanced materials to better replicate hard and soft tissues in these models. Furthermore, well\u2010designed studies are needed to support changes to implementation into current curricula and enhance the delivery of surgical education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T07:10:32Z","timestamp":1767424232000},"page":"1296-1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["3D\u2010Printed Models in Oral Surgery Simulation Training: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Shahrzad Rahimizadeh","family":"Nahavandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences Faculty of Dentistry The University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biological and Medical 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