{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:26:06Z","timestamp":1784827566950,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a descriptive, multi\u2010institutional comparison of dental students' recognition accuracy and management decisions of oral soft tissue pathological entities across four US dental schools. While prior single\u2010institution studies have evaluated diagnostic ability, this work provides a multi\u2010institutional comparison to identify recognition and decision\u2010making variability as well as potential educational implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A voluntary, anonymous online survey with twenty image\u2010based multiple\u2010choice questions was administered to 160 students. Each question included an image, patient demographics, and key case details. Management questions were provided with reference diagnoses to prevent conflation of diagnostic and management errors. Descriptive statistics,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests, logistic regression, chi\u2010square tests, and multi\u2010rater kappa statistics were used to analyze performance, with effect sizes, reference groups, and 95% confidence intervals reported. Model fit for logistic models was assessed using likelihood ratio tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Students demonstrated a high level of recognition for conditions like candida (84%) and tobacco keratosis (95%). Subtle or clinically variable lesions were more challenging, such as erosive lichen planus (50%) and idiopathic leukoplakia (58%). Management accuracy frequently lagged behind recognition accuracy. Significant inter\u2010school differences were observed for both recognition (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a027.66,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and management (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a030.80,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), with students from School #4 outperforming peers. Kappa values remained low (&lt;\u00a00.2 for most items), indicating wide variability and limited internal agreement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Students demonstrated strong theoretical knowledge of common oral pathological entities but variability in identifying and managing rare or diagnostically nuanced conditions. Because this survey evaluates recognition rather than competence, findings highlight the need for case\u2010based, competency\u2010aligned teaching approaches to strengthen diagnostic reasoning and management decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:49:12Z","timestamp":1771663752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multi\u2010Institutional Assessment of Dental Students' Knowledge in Oral Soft Tissue Pathological Entities"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"McKee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Maupom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine Joyce Cornelius","family":"Timothius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics Dental College of Georgia Augusta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim El","family":"Kholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics Columbia University College of Dental Medicine New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics and Dental Hygiene UT Health Houston, School of Dentistry Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanchit","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119437277"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Common Oral Lesions","volume":"105","author":"Randall D. 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