{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:10:19Z","timestamp":1790154619618,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["33002029032P4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33002029032P4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibiotic prophylaxis decision\u2010making in endodontics represents a core competency in dental education, requiring the integration of systemic risk assessment, guideline interpretation, and antimicrobial stewardship principles. Although artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT are increasingly accessed by students and clinicians for clinical guidance, their educational reliability in teaching evidence\u2010based antibiotic prophylaxis remains unclear. This descriptive study evaluated the accuracy and guideline concordance of ChatGPT\u20105 responses to predefined clinical scenarios in endodontics. Seventeen clinically relevant questions grounded in current guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA), American Association of Endodontists (AAE), and American Dental Association (ADA) were submitted to the model. Responses were independently assessed by an experienced endodontist using a five\u2010point Likert scale addressing clinical correctness, guideline concordance, and potential educational risk. Quantitative agreement was summarized descriptively, and a directed qualitative content analysis examined patterns of correct indication, expanded indication, depth of clinical reasoning, and risk of misinterpretation from an educational perspective. ChatGPT demonstrated full agreement with expert, guideline\u2010based recommendations in 10 of 17 scenarios (58.8%), particularly in classical teaching domains such as infective endocarditis prophylaxis, antibiotic selection, dosage, and timing. Partial agreement was observed in four scenarios (23.5%), primarily due to unnecessary expansion of prophylactic indications. Disagreement occurred in three scenarios (17.6%), mainly involving immunocompromised conditions, including HIV infection with low CD4 counts and chemotherapy\u2010related neutropenia. Although no response was deemed clinically unsafe, expanded recommendations in medically complex cases represented a potential educational risk for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The study supports cautious, guideline\u2010based interpretation of AI\u2010generated clinical information rather than conclusions about educational effectiveness or curricular implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:49:44Z","timestamp":1790153384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Guideline Concordance of ChatGPT\u2010Generated Responses on Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Endodontics"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Flavia Moura Medina","family":"Diniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Rossato","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Miranda da","family":"Cruz\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiane Carneiro","family":"Lopes\u2010Olh\u00ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jardel Francisco","family":"Mazzi\u2010Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds Valencise","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.0873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2024.0429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14531"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"e254","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics\u20102021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Wilson W. R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2023.07.004","article-title":"Indications for Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Dentoalveolar Procedures","volume":"68","author":"Dammling C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dental Clinical North America"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520915714"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2021.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70055","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence Models for Diagnosing Pulpitis in Adults Using a Modified Wolters Classification: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study","volume":"59","author":"Brizuela C.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13663"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12887"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"575","article-title":"Performance of Large Language Models in Dental Education and Practice: A Systematic Evaluation of ChatGPT and Related Tools","volume":"28","author":"K\u00fcnzle P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2025.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060887","article-title":"ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns","volume":"11","author":"Sallam M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368\u2010023\u201000239\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405\u2010024\u201000198\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06624-9","article-title":"Evaluation of the Accuracy of ChatGPT\u20104 and Gemini's Responses to the World Dental Federation's Frequently Asked Questions on Oral Health","volume":"25","author":"Arpaci A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13030636","article-title":"Effectiveness of Generative Artificial Intelligence\u2010Driven Responses to Patient Concerns in Long\u2010Term Opioid Therapy: Cross\u2010Model Assessment","volume":"13","author":"Lo Bianco G.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48291"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.70343","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jdd.70343","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.70343","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:49:46Z","timestamp":1790153386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdd.70343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdd.70343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.70343","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0337","1930-7837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0337","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-7837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jdd.70343"}}