{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:27:35Z","timestamp":1787390855032,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates Howard University College of Dentistry's Pediatric Dentistry Postdoctoral Program and its contribution to advancing diversity in the pediatric dental workforce, expanding care in underserved communities, and aligning with institutional goals to reduce oral health disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study conducted a retrospective review of 92 pediatric dentistry graduates from classes 2009\u20132024. Employment and practice data were manually collected from public platforms and verified via telephone outreach when necessary. Key variables included demographic characteristics, American Board of Pediatric Dentistry (ABPD) certification status, Medicaid participation, and geographic practice location. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping tool was used to visualize the distribution of graduates\u2019 practice sites across the United States. In addition, designations of Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs), including Medically Underserved Areas (MUAs), were identified using data from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to assess alignment with workforce needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 92 graduates, 77% identified as African American, highlighting a strong representation of underrepresented minorities. Board certification was confirmed in 67.8% of graduates. Geographic analysis revealed that 43% work in federally designated HPSAs or MUAs. Notably, 87% of graduates\u2019 practices accept Medicaid, underscoring the program's alignment with its mission to expand access to pediatric oral healthcare in underserved communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The program demonstrates strong outcomes in training board\u2010certified underrepresented minority pediatric dentists who serve underserved populations, reflecting its mission to promote equity in oral healthcare. Findings suggest that sustained investments in diversity\u2010focused education pathways can yield measurable community\u2010level impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:06:51Z","timestamp":1787389611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Howard University's Pediatric Dentistry Postdoctoral Program: Advancing Workforce Diversity and Access in Underserved Communities"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Annie","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Dentistry  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indra","family":"Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Dentistry  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minxuan","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Planning The University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Mullings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Art and Science  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6580-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzia","family":"Mustamand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Dentistry  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Jeffries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Dentistry  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Dentistry  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaToya","family":"Barham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Dentistry  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinbin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard University College of Dentistry  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"American Dental Association \u201cRacial and Ethnic Mix of the Dentist Workforce in the U.S. \u201dADA Health Policy Institute published July 2025 https:\/\/www.ada.org\/resources\/research\/health\u2010policy\u2010institute\/dentist\u2010workforce."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"L. W.Sullivan Missing Persons: Minorities in the Health Professions(The Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475\u20109276\u201012\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Health Policy Institute \u201cSurvey of Advanced Dental Education: Trends in Pediatric Dentistry Programs \u201d American Dental Association accessed July 2025 Page1 https:\/\/www.ada.org\/\u2010\/media\/project\/ada\u2010organization\/ada\/ada\u2010org\/files\/resources\/research\/hpi\/trends_pediatric_dentistry_education_programs.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2019.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.1122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"QuickStats Prevalence of Untreated Dental Caries in Primary Teeth Among Children Aged 2\u20138 Years by Age Group and Race\/Hispanic Origin\u2014National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011\u20132014(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017) https:\/\/blogs.cdc.gov\/nchs\/2017\/03\/13\/3477\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"\u201cMission & Vision \u201dCollege of Dentistry Howard University accessed July 2025 https:\/\/dentistry.howard.edu\/about\/mission\u2010vision."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"\u201cHoward University (Washington D.C) \u201dAmerican Academy of Pediatric Dentistry accessed July 2025 https:\/\/www.aapd.org\/resources\/member\/resident\u2010resources\/residency\u2010programs\/howard\u2010university\u2010washington\u2010dc\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"\u201cPediatric Dentistry Postdoctoral Program: Graduate \u201dHoward University College of Dentistry accessed July 2025 https:\/\/dentistry.howard.edu\/education\/programs\/postdoctoral\u2010programs\/pediatric\u2010dentistry."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"\u201cCertification FAQs \u201dAmerican Board of Pediatric Dentistry accessed March 27 2026 https:\/\/www.abpd.org\/become\u2010certified\/certification\u2010faq."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Annie E. Casey Foundation \u201cChild Population by Race and Ethnicity.\u201d Kids Count Data Center accessed March 25 2026 https:\/\/datacenter.aecf.org\/data\/tables\/103\u2010child\u2010population\u2010by\u2010race\u2010and\u2010ethnicity?loc=1&loct=1#detailed\/1\/any\/false\/1096 2545 1095 2048 574 1729 37 871 870 573\/72 66 67 8367 69 70 71 12\/423 424."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"American Dental Association Health Policy Institute \u201cU.S. Dentist Workforce 2025 \u201dAmerican Dental Association accessed March 25 2026 https:\/\/www.ada.org\/\u2010\/media\/project\/ada\u2010organization\/ada\/ada\u2010org\/files\/resources\/research\/hpi\/us_dentist_workforce_2025.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"\u201cDental Care Utilization Stagnant Among Medicaid Beneficiaries \u201dADA News published December 9 2025 https:\/\/adanews.ada.org\/ada\u2010news\/2025\/december\/dental\u2010care\u2010utilization\u2010stagnant\u2010among\u2010medicaid\u2010beneficiaries\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.21444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10775587221108751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26502\/droh.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.76264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2025.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd21.240097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry \u201cPolicy on Social Determinants of Children's Oral Health and Health Disparities \u201d The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. 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