{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:42:55Z","timestamp":1789486975569,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed the association of sex and race\/skin color with self\u2010reported perceptions of discredit, discouragement, and lack of representation among Brazilian dental students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This multicenter cross\u2010sectional study included 531 undergraduate dental students from public and private institutions in Brazil, recruited through snowball sampling. Data were collected via a structured self\u2010administered questionnaire (Google Forms) assessing sociodemographic characteristics (self\u2010declared race\/skin color, sex, age, marital status, family income, and parental status), academic trajectory variables (type of institution, student financing, and admission through affirmative action policies or institutional scholarships), and self\u2010reported perceptions of academic experience, including discredit, discouragement, and representation in professional associations and scientific events. Associations were examined using multiple logistic regression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample included 33.5% Black women and 65.2% from families with a monthly income of up to five minimum wages. Compared to Black women, being a White man, White woman, or Black man showed a protective effect against discouragement and discredit toward pursuing dentistry (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), even after adjusting for socioeconomic status. Black women felt less represented by speakers at scientific events than White men and White women (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.02) and less represented by board members in professional associations than White women and Black men (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intersection between race and gender, in interaction with socioeconomic status, is associated with challenges related to sense of belonging and academic experience among Black women in dentistry. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening institutional strategies to promote equity and reduce racial and gender disparities in higher education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.70370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:35:42Z","timestamp":1789479342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intersectionality in Dentistry: Academic and Professional Challenges for Black Women in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Leticia Pereira","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Ellen","family":"Silva\u2010Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhonathan","family":"Lopes\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry at Arnaldo Janssen College  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Alves Drummond","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry at Arnaldo Janssen College  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saul Martins","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Baccin","family":"Bendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/es.240967"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0259.2022.e84603","article-title":"Preval\u00eancia Racial e de G\u00eanero no Perfil de Docentes do Ensino Superior","volume":"25","author":"Ferreira E. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revista Kat\u00e1lysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1414\u201040772022000200004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/es.253647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1413\u201024782018230098"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"G\u00eanero, Classe E Ra\u00e7a Interseccionalidade E Consubstancialidade Das Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Sociais","volume":"26","author":"Hirata H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tempo Social"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1229039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-3703003249674","article-title":"Impacto do Racismo Nas Viv\u00eancias de Mulheres Negras Brasileiras: Um Estudo Fenomenol\u00f3gico","volume":"43","author":"Santos G. C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psicologia, Ci\u00eancia e Profiss\u00e3o"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Black Feminist Thought, Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment","author":"Collins P. H.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/2526-8910.ctoao2278","article-title":"Racismo E Participa\u00e7\u00e3o Social Na Universidade: Experi\u00eancias de Estudantes Negras em Cursos de Sa\u00fade","volume":"29","author":"Val\u00e9rio A. C. O.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232024293.04232023","article-title":"O Racismo Institucional Na Universidade E Consequ\u00eancias Na Vida de Estudantes Negros: Um Estudo Misto","volume":"29","author":"Martins E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ciencia & Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413\u201081232010000700100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1413\u2010812320182411.00832018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010024\u201006545\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.7476\/9788523212117.0014","volume-title":"Observat\u00f3rio da Vida Estudantil: Primeiros Estudosed","author":"Santos G. G.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.2013.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.2961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30979\/revabeno.v24i1.2199"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232024293.04882023en","article-title":"Association Between Racial Iniquities and Oral Health Status: A Systematic Review","volume":"29","author":"Reis L. A. O.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia & Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"743","article-title":"Interseccionalidade, Sa\u00fade E Racismo: Desafios E Perspectivas para o Cuidado \u00c0s Mulheres Negras","volume":"45","author":"Silva E. L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sa\u00fade em Debate"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Pol\u00edticas de A\u00e7\u00e3o Afirmativa no Brasil: Necessidades, Desafios e Perspectivas","author":"Gomes N. L.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004912418101000205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica. Belo Horizonte (MG) \u201cCidades e Estados \u201d accessed May 21 2026 https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/cidades\u2010e\u2010estados\/mg\/belo\u2010horizonte.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177705148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004912418101000205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accessing Hidden and Hard\u2010to\u2010Reach Populations: Snowball Research Strategies","volume":"33","author":"Atkinson R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Social Research Update"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109531.2011.01243.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"The Problem With the Phrase Women and Minorities: Intersectionality\u2014An Important Theoretical Framework for Public Health","volume":"112","author":"Bowleg L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34117\/bjdv7n5\u2010409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010024\u201018556\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103\u2010644020230555959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","article-title":"Exploring Dental Academics' Perceptions of and Experience With Discrimination in the UK and Ireland: A Qualitative Study","author":"Freeman Z.","journal-title":"British Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)02217\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Racismos Contempor\u00e2neos","author":"Carneiro S.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","volume-title":"Cr\u00edtica da raz\u00e3o negra","author":"Mbembe A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2025.102607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30979\/revabeno.v23i1.1824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5212\/PraxEduc.v.17.19407.092","article-title":"Quando a Representatividade Importa: Reflex\u00f5es sobre Racismo, Valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o Identit\u00e1ria negra e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o B\u00e1sica","volume":"17","author":"Correa A. G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pr\u00e1xis Educativa"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.70370","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jdd.70370","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdd.70370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:35:46Z","timestamp":1789479346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdd.70370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdd.70370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.70370","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0337","1930-7837"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0337","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-7837","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jdd.70370"}}