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Maternal administration of LiCl induced a hypothyroid state in both dams and their neonates compared to the control dams and neonates at lactation days (LDs) 14, 21 and 28, where the levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4) were decreased and the level of serum thyrotropin (TSH) level was increased. A noticeable depression in maternal body weight gain, neonatal body weight and neonatal serum growth hormone (GH) was observed on all examined postnatal days (PNDs; 14, 21 and 28). A single abortion case was recorded at GD 17, and three dead neonates were noted at birth in the LiCl\u2010treated group. Maternal administration of LiCl disturbed the levels of neonatal serum tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), transforming growth factor\u2010beta (TGF\u2010\u03b2), interleukin\u20101 beta (IL\u20101\u03b2), interferon\u2010gamma (INF\u2010\u03b3), leptin, adiponectin and resistin at all tested PNDs compared to the control group. This administration produced a stimulatory action on the level of neonatal cerebral serotonin (5\u2010HT) at PND 14 and on the level of neonatal cerebral norepinephrine (NE) at PNDs 21 and 28. However, this administration produced an inhibitory action on the level of neonatal cerebral dopamine (DA) at all examined PNDs and on the level of neonatal cerebral NE at PND 14 and the level of neonatal cerebral 5\u2010HT at PNDs 21 and 28 compared to the corresponding control group. Thus, maternal LiCl exposure\u2010induced hypothyroidism disrupts the neonatal neuroendocrine\u2010cytokine system, which delay cerebral development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T05:35:57Z","timestamp":1580276157000},"page":"123-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Maternal lithium chloride exposure alters the neuroendocrine\u2010cytokine axis in neonatal albino rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dena A. -E.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy and Embryology Zoology Department Faculty of Science Beni\u2010Suef University Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7640-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha R.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Cytology Zoology Department Faculty of Science Beni\u2010Suef University Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5644-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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