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Epidemiological studies demonstrated that perinatal infection\/inflammation, <jats:italic>peripartum<\/jats:italic> hypoxia, and occlusion of the internal carotid tree are the main determinants of NAIS. The well\u2010established benefit of therapeutic hypothermia (HT) in neonatal encephalopathy due to diffuse hypoxia\u2010ischemia provides a rationale for the potential use of HT as a neuroprotective strategy in NAIS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a rat model to reproduce the most prevalent human physiopathological scenario of NAIS. The neuroprotective effect of HT was measured by morphometric magnetic resonance imaging, [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) metabolic activity by positron emission tomography\/computed tomography, and behavioral tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HT (a) prevented the occurrence of 44% of NAIS, (b) reduced the volume of strokes by 37%, (c) enhanced [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F] FDG metabolic activity within the territory of the occluded carotid artery, and (d) improved motor behavior. Both morphometric and metabolic techniques showed consistently that HT provided a neuroprotective effect located in the motor cortex, hippocampus, and caudate\u2010putamen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through combining anatomical, metabolic imaging, and behavioral studies, our study provides evidence of neuroprotective effects of HT in NAIS. These results are potentially translational to human NAIS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T07:34:23Z","timestamp":1583134463000},"page":"257-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Benefits of hypothermia in neonatal arterial ischemic strokes: A preclinical study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9702-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Chevin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre McGill University Montreal QC 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