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Indeed, serotonergic overexpression in early life leads to structural and functional changes in brain circuits that control cognition and emotion. However, the effects of developmental exposure to these substances on the behaviour of adolescent rats are conflicting and remain poorly characterised. We performed a behavioural screening to investigate the effects of postnatal exposure to fluoxetine on memory and behaviours related to anxiety, anhedonia, and depression, as well we evaluate the parvalbumin expression in hippocampus of juvenile (~PND45) female and male rats. Fluoxetine (daily 20\u2009mg\/kg\u2009s.c. injections from PND7\u2010PND21)\u2010 or vehicle\u2010treated adolescent rats went through several behavioural tasks (from PND 38 to PND52) and were subject to transcardial perfusion and brain removal for immunohistochemical analysis (PND53). We found that postnatal exposure to fluoxetine increased anxiety\u2010 and depression\u2010like behaviours in the open field and sucrose preference and forced swimming tests, respectively. In addition, this treatment induced working memory and short\u2010term (but not long\u2010term) recognition memory impairments, and reduced parvalbumin\u2010positive interneurons in the hippocampus. In addition, the results revealed developmental sex\u2010dependent effects of fluoxetine postnatal treatment on adolescent rats' behaviour. These outcomes indicate that affective disorders and mnemonic alterations caused by SSRIs perinatal exposure can be present at adolescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T02:03:55Z","timestamp":1625191435000},"page":"616-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Postnatal exposure to fluoxetine led to cognitive\u2010emotional alterations and decreased parvalbumin positive neurons in the hippocampus of juvenile Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues","family":"Meurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Post\u2010graduate Program of Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior, Department 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