{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:17:32Z","timestamp":1790371052293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We summarized the clinical features of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical data of 14 children with ANE at one center from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. ANE severity score (ANE\u2010ss) was used to assess ANE severity, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale\u2010Extended was used to assess functional outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak incidence was between 1 and 3\u00a0years of age (71%), and a large percentage of males were affected (79%). The main manifestations included fever (100%), seizure (86%), and impaired consciousness (100%). Seven patients (58%) developed status epilepticus. The etiology was identified in 10 patients (71%) and mainly included H1N1 (36%) and Epstein\u2013Barr virus (29%).Complications included multiple organ failure (MOF), predominantly liver (36%), heart (21%) and kidney (7%) failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage (21%), hypernatremia (7%), hematuria (7%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (7%), and shock (7%). Pleocytosis was observed in two patients, and increased cerebrospinal fluid protein was found in 11 patients. A missense mutation in <jats:italic>RANBP2<\/jats:italic> (c.1754C&gt;T: p.Thr585Met) was observed in one patient. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased T2 and T1 signal density in multifocal and symmetric brain lesions (bilateral thalami, 100%) in all patients during the acute phase. There were no deaths. Nine children retained neurological sequelae affecting movement, cognition, speech, vision, and\/or seizure. Four children recovered almost completely. There was a significant correlation between risk classification and outcome by ANE\u2010ss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ANE is a group of clinical and imaging syndromes. Most patients have severe neurological sequelae, and ANE may have lower mortality. And ANE\u2010ss can assess prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T01:05:02Z","timestamp":1654909502000},"page":"447-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinical features and imaging manifestations of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Lianhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"792","article-title":"Diffusion\u2010weighted MR imaging findings of acute necrotizing encephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"Albayram S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJNR. 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