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Therefore, we investigate the effect of neonatal treatment of d\u2010fenfluramine (d\u2010FEN), a serotonin (5\u2010HT) releaser, on the behavioral expression of adult male Swiss mice. For this purpose, we divided pregnant female Swiss mice into two groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096 each and ~35\u2009g). Their offspring were treated with d\u2010FEN (3\u00a0mg\/kg, <jats:italic>s.c<\/jats:italic>.) from postnatal days (PND) 5 to 20. At PND 21, one male puppy of each litter was euthanized; the midbrain and the hippocampus were dissected for RNA analysis. At PND 70, the male offspring underwent a behavioral assessment in the open field, elevated plus\u2010maze, light\u2013dark box, tail suspension, and rotarod test. The programmed animals had a decrease in 5HT1a, serotonin transporter (SERT), and brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the mesencephalic raphe region. Alternatively, there was a reduction only in the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2) and BDNF expression in the hippocampus. In the light\u2013dark box test, offspring of the treated group had higher latency to light and less time on the light side than the control. Also, it was observed less time of immobility in the tail suspension test. We also observed low motor skill learning in the rotarod test. These findings suggest that programming with d\u2010FEN during the neonatal period alters a mesencephalic and hippocampal serotonergic system, promoting anxiety, antidepressant behavior, low coordination, and motor learning in adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T02:58:33Z","timestamp":1655693913000},"page":"486-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neonatal D\u2010fenfluramine treatment promotes long\u2010term behavioral changes in adult mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Laureano\u2010Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multicenter and Regular Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology Universidade Federal Rural 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