{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:30:20Z","timestamp":1790166620156,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A neurodevelopmental disease, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs in males three times more commonly than girls. Higher prenatal testosterone exposure may result in autistic\u2010like behaviour in boys, according to earlier research. It is unclear how fetal testosterone affects the development of autism. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal testosterone exposure in an animal model may result in autistic behaviours by modifying serotonin, dopamine, IGF\u20101 and oxytocin levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group 1 (control, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) and Group 2 (testosterone undecanoate, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) of female rats were randomly assigned. For 2\u20133\u00a0days during the oestrus cycle, female rats were housed with a reproductive male (three females\/one male). On the 10th day of gestation, rats in Group 1 received 1\u00a0ml\/kg% 0.9 NaCl saline, whereas rats in Group 2 received 250\u2009mg\/kg testosterone undecanoate. Until weaning on postnatal day 21 (P21), the mothers were permitted to care for their pups. On P21, 40 littermates\u201410 male and female for control and 10 male and female from mothers that exposed to testosterone\u2014were arbitrarily split up and housed. On P50, these mature rats were tested for their behaviour. The rats were then sacrificed. The brain tissue was subjected to histological examinations as well as biochemical tests for homovanillic acid (HVA), 5\u2010Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5\u2010HIAA), oxytocin and insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The groups differed significantly in the behavioural examinations (three\u2010chamber social test, passive avoidance learning analysis, open field test), with the testosterone\u2010exposed groups exhibiting autistic symptoms to a higher extent. When compared with the control groups, testosterone exposure caused significant histological changes in the hippocampus CA1 and CA3 areas, including gliosis and cell death of neurons. In the testosterone\u2010exposed groups, HVA, 5\u2010HIAA and IGF\u20101 tissue expressions in the brain elevated, whereas oxytocin levels reduced. These findings point to a potential connection between neurodevelopmental disorders like ASD and exposure to testosterone during gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, we revealed that prenatal testosterone exposure led to autistic traits by elevating serotonin, dopamine and IGF\u20101 levels while lowering oxytocin levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T10:13:42Z","timestamp":1672136022000},"page":"201-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of prenatal testosterone exposure on the development of autism\u2010like behaviours in offspring of Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0048-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mumin 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