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To test if the white matter damage observed in this model could be prevented, we administered the synthetic chemopreventive molecule CH38 ((E)\u20103\u2010(4\u2010methylthiophenyl)\u20101\u2010phenyl\u20102\u2010propen\u20101\u2010one) to newborn rats, previous to an intracerebroventricular injection of GA. The study was done when striatal myelination was incipient and when it was already established (at 12 and 45\u2009days post\u2010injection [DPI], respectively). Results obtained indicate that that the ultrastructure of astrocytes and neurons did not appear significantly affected by the GA bolus. Instead, in oligodendrocytes, the most prominent GA\u2010dependent injury defects included endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nuclear envelope swelling at 12 DPI. Altered and reduced immunoreactivities against heavy neurofilament (NF), proteolipid protein (PLP), and myelin\u2010associated glycoprotein (MAG) together with axonal bundle fragmentation and decreased myelin were also found at both ages analyzed. CH38 by itself did not affect striatal cells or axonal packages. However, the group of rats that received CH38 before GA did not show evidence neither of ER stress nor nuclear envelope dilation in oligodendrocytes, and axonal bundles appeared less fragmented. In this group, labeling of NF and PLP was similar to the controls. These results suggest that the CH38 molecule is a candidate drug to prevent or decrease the neural damage elicited by a pathological increase of GA in the brain. Optimization of the treatments and identification of the mechanisms underlying CH38 protective effects will open new therapeutic windows to protect myelin, which is a vulnerable target of numerous nervous system diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T08:10:55Z","timestamp":1681891855000},"page":"274-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Morphological evidence of the protective effects of a synthetic chalcone against the striatal myelin damage induced by glutaric acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Casanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Microscop\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica (UdelaR)  Montevideo Uruguay"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda Comparada, Instituto de Investigaciones 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