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Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common worldwide metabolic disorders, and its prevalence has become one of the public health concerns of the 21st century. This study aims to evaluate the effect of type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation on vulnerability to neonatal HI in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female Wistar rats (weighing 200\u2009\u00b1\u2009220\u2009g) were randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1 (rats that received 0.5\u00a0mL\/day of normal saline solution) and Group 2 (type 1 diabetes was induced in rats on the second day of pregnancy with a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate [150\u2009mg\/kg]). After delivery, offspring were divided into four groups: (a) Control (Co), (b) Diabetic (DI), (c) Hypoxia\u2010ischemia (HI), (d) HI\u2009+\u2009Diabetic (HI\u2009+\u2009DI). Seven days after HI induction, neurobehavioral tests were performed, and then cerebral edema, infarct volume, inflammatory factors, Bax\u2010Bcl2 expression, and oxidative stress were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BAX level in the DI\u2009+\u2009HI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0355) group was significantly higher than the HI group. The Bcl\u20102 expression levels in the HI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0027) and DI\u2009+\u2009HI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) groups were significantly lower than the DI group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in the DI\u2009+\u2009HI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) group were significantly lower than HI and CO groups. TNF\u2010\u03b1, CRP, and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in the DI\u2009+\u2009HI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) group were significantly higher than the HI group. Infarct volume and cerebral edema in the DI\u2009+\u2009HI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) group were significantly higher than the HI group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the results, type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation increased the destructive effects of HI injury in pups. It also decreased the expression of the anti\u2010apoptotic Bcl\u20102 and increased the expression BAX apoptosis factor gene in pups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T06:15:25Z","timestamp":1683094525000},"page":"346-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and lactation on neonatal hypoxia\u2010ischemia injury and apoptotic gene expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Azadbakht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences  Zahedan 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