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In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions alters animal behavior, which may influence the experimental results. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on neonatal anoxia\u2010induced changes in growth and energy metabolism. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25\u2010min of anoxia or control treatment. From P27 onward, part of the subjects of each group was isolated in standard cages, and the remaining subjects were housed in groups. At P34 or P95, the subjects were fasted for 18\u2009h, refeed for 1\u00a0h, and then perfused 30\u2009min later. Glycemia, leptin, insulin, and morphology of the pancreas were evaluated at both ages. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90, and the brain was collected for Fos and NeuN immunohistochemistry. Results showed that male rats exposed to neonatal anoxia and social isolation exhibited increased body weight gain despite the lack of changes in food intake. In addition, social isolation (1) decreased post\u2010fasting weight loss and post\u2010fasting food intake and (2) increased glycemia, insulin, and leptin levels of male and female rats exposed to anoxia and control treatments, both at P35 and P95. Furthermore, although at P35, anoxia increased insulin levels of males, it decreased the area of the \u03b2\u2010positive cells in the pancreas of females. At P95, anoxia increased post\u2010prandial weight loss of males, post\u2010fasting food intake, insulin, and leptin, and decreased Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of males and females. Hyperphagia was associated with possible resistance to leptin and insulin, suspected by the high circulating levels of these hormones and poor neuronal activation of ARC. This study demonstrated that continuous social isolation from weaning modifies, in a differentiated way, the long\u2010term energy metabolism and growth of male and female Wistar rats exposed to neonatal anoxia or even control treatments. Therefore, social isolation should be considered as a factor that negatively influences experimental results and the outcomes of the neonatal injury. These results should also be taken into account in clinical procedures, since the used model simulates the preterm babies' conditions and some therapeutic approaches require isolation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T13:59:25Z","timestamp":1711461565000},"page":"293-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post\u2010weaning social isolation modifies neonatal anoxia\u2010induced changes in energy metabolism and growth of rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2740-8044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Andrea","family":"Cruz\u2010Ochoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2499-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edvia Clemente","family":"Motta\u2010Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9625-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo Felipe","family":"Cruz\u2010Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1326-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Lopez\u2010Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Pathology of Domestic and Wild Animals. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales Universidad de los Llanos  Villavicencio Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieta Esperanza","family":"Ochoa\u2010Amaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Pathology of Domestic and Wild Animals. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales Universidad de los Llanos  Villavicencio Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4328-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Honda","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics. 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