{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:19Z","timestamp":1786978039173,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are highly comorbid. Many prior investigations have found that ADHD relates to anatomical abnormalities in gray matter. The abnormal gray matter of ADHD comorbid ODD is still poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the effect of comorbid ODD on gray matter volume (GMV) and functional alterations in ADHD. All data were provided by the ADHD\u2010200 Preprocessed Repository, including 27 ADHD\u2010only children, 27 ADHD\u2009+\u2009ODD children, and 27 healthy controls aged 9\u201314\u2009years. Voxel\u2010based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC) of resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to compare the difference in GMV and FC between ADHD\u2009+\u2009ODD, ADHD\u2010only, and healthy children. The results showed that ADHD children with comorbid ODD had a more significant reduction in cerebellar volume, mainly in the anterior regions of the cerebellum (Cerebellum_4_5). The Cerebellum_4_5 showed increased functional connectivity with multiple cortical regions. These brain regions include numerous executive functioning (EF) and brain default mode network (DMN) nodes. The GMV abnormalities and excessive connectivity between brain regions may further exacerbate the emotional and cognitive deficits associated with ADHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T10:36:11Z","timestamp":1716633371000},"page":"500-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Decreased gray matter volume in the anterior cerebellar of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder comorbid oppositional defiant disorder children with associated cerebellar\u2010cerebral hyperconnectivity: insights from a combined structural MRI and resting\u2010state fMRI study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7285-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng 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