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One of the main effects of prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure is increased vulnerability to developing the substance use disorder at an early age. Furthermore, the negative emotional states associated with cocaine withdrawal increase the fragility of patients to relapse into drug abuse. In this sense, prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure enhanced the cocaine\u2010 and nicotine\u2010induced locomotor activity and locomotor sensitization, and rats exposed prenatally to cocaine displayed an increase in anxiety\u2010 and depressive\u2010like behaviors in adulthood (PND 60\u201370).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure on anxiety\u2010 and depressive\u2010like behaviors at different ages (30, 60, 90, and 120\u2009days of age) in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was divided into two stages: prenatal and postnatal. In the prenatal stage, a group of pregnant female Wistar rats was administered daily from GD0 to GD21 cocaine (cocaine pre\u2010exposure group), and another group of pregnant female rats was administered daily saline (saline pre\u2010exposure group). In the postnatal stage, during lactation (PND0 to PND21), pregnant rats received administration of cocaine or saline, respectively. Of the litters resulting from the cocaine pre\u2010exposed and saline pre\u2010exposed pregnant female groups, only the male rats were used for the recording of the anxiety\u2010 and depressive\u2010like behaviors at different postnatal ages (30, 60, 90, and 120\u2009days), representative of adolescence, adult, adulthood, and old age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study found that prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure generated age\u2010dependent enhancement in anxiety\u2010 and depressive\u2010like behaviors, being greater in older adult (PND 120) rats than in adolescent (PND 30) or adults (PND 60\u201390) rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This suggests that prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure increases anxiety\u2010 and depressive\u2010like behaviors, which may increase the vulnerability of subjects to different types of drugs in young and adult age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T09:53:41Z","timestamp":1719050021000},"page":"546-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure enhances the anxiety\u2010 and depressive\u2010like behaviors in rats: An ontogenetic study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Susana Barbosa","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacolog\u00eda Conductual, Microcirug\u00eda y Terap\u00e9utica Experimental Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda  Mexico City 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