{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T18:57:56Z","timestamp":1776884276190,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The potential neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against ketamine\u2010induced neurotoxicity remain inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine on ketamine\u2010induced neuronal apoptosis and neurodevelopmental toxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro experiments employed concentrations of 0.1\u00a0uM for dexmedetomidine and 50\u2009uM for ketamine individually as well as their combination. Changes in apoptotic proteins and dendritic development in neurons were assessed after a 6\u2010h exposure to the drugs with evaluations conducted 24\u00a0hs' post\u2010treatment. In vivo experiments entailed intraperitoneal administration starting from postnatal Day 7 (P7) continuously for 3\u00a0days (P7\u2013P9) using dosages of 100\u2009mg\/kg for ketamine and 1\u00a0mg\/kg for dexmedetomidine alone or combined. Learning, memory and motor coordination abilities were evaluated via rotary rod tests and shuttle box experiments at P30 and P60, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dexmedetomidine effectively mitigated ketamine\u2010induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons but did not alleviate associated dendritic developmental abnormalities. Although causing reduced motor coordination in mice, no improvement was observed with regard to this effect or reaction speed when treated with dexmedetomidine alongside ketamine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that while dexmedetomidine can mitigate ketamine\u2010induced neuronal apoptosis, it has limited impact on its associated neurodevelopmental toxicities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T05:44:03Z","timestamp":1724823843000},"page":"735-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The impact of dexmedetomidine on ketamine\u2010induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment in young 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