{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:09:26Z","timestamp":1790600966828,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions and repetitive behaviors. This study examines the effects of fenofibrate on a propionic acid (PPA)\u2010induced rat model of ASD, focusing on behavioral changes, inflammatory markers, and histological findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a group receiving PPA and saline, and a group treated with PPA and fenofibrate for 15\u2009days. Behavioral assessments, including the three\u2010chamber sociability test, open\u2010field test, and passive avoidance learning, were conducted. Biochemical analyses measured TNF\u2010\u03b1, NGF, IL\u201017, IL\u20102, and galectin\u20103 levels in brain tissues. Histological evaluations focused on Purkinje neuron counts in the cerebellum and neuronal changes in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, along with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fenofibrate treatment significantly improved behavioral outcomes, reducing autism\u2010like behaviors compared to the PPA\/saline group. Biochemically, the PPA\/saline group showed elevated levels of malondialdehyde, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20102, IL\u201017, and galectin\u20103, which were reduced following fenofibrate treatment. Histologically, the PPA\/saline group exhibited fewer, dysmorphic Purkinje neurons and increased glial activity in the CA1 region, both of which were ameliorated by fenofibrate treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fenofibrate shows promise in mitigating autism\u2010like behaviors in a rat model of ASD, likely due to its antioxidative and neuroprotective properties, which contribute to preserving neuronal integrity and reducing inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T12:06:01Z","timestamp":1731499561000},"page":"977-990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Amelioration of propionic acid\u2010induced autism\u2010like behaviors in rats by fenofibrate: A focus on reduction of brain galectin\u20103 levels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0048-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mumin Alper","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mine Ceren","family":"Akbulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4402-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130lknur","family":"Altunta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology Ankara University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences  Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canberk","family":"Tomruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histology and Embryology Samsun University, Samsun Education and Research Hospital  Samsun T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4016-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u011fit","family":"Uyan\u0131kgil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Ege University, Faculty of Medicine  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2515-2946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oytun","family":"Erba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Demiro\u011flu Bilim University  Istanbul Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2010.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u20105(2013). 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