{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:02:34Z","timestamp":1784073754267,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the role of orexin\u2010a, adiponectin (HMWA) and apelin\u201013 serum levels in the etiopathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder with unclear aetiology involving neuropathological, genetic and environmental factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study involved 37 children with ADHD and 35 healthy controls, aged 6\u201318\u2009years, with no history of other physical or psychiatric illnesses and no psychotropic medication use in the last 6\u2009months. Serum levels of orexin\u2010a, adiponectin (HMWA) and apelin\u201013 were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ADHD symptoms were assessed through Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u20105 (DSM\u20105)\u2013based clinical interviews, Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant differences in serum orexin\u2010a, adiponectin (HMWA) and apelin\u201013 levels were found between the ADHD and control groups. Additionally, there was no relationship between orexin\u2010a, apelin\u201013 and adinopectin levels and ADHD symptoms and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test results. Analysis of adiponectin levels in preadolescent children aged 6\u201311, adjusting for age and BMI, revealed a statistically significant reduction in the ADHD group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results did not demonstrate any correlation between ADHD and the levels of orexin\u2010a and apelin\u201013. However, the study revealed that children with ADHD, aged 6\u201311, exhibited decreased adiponectin concentrations. These results suggest that a decrease in serum adinopectin levels may be associated with ADHD in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T07:51:42Z","timestamp":1743407502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of Orexin\u2010A, Adiponectin and Apelin\u201013 Serum Levels in Children Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3337-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serdar","family":"Avunduk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Bal\u0131kesir Atat\u00fcrk City Hospital  Bal\u0131kesir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7816-3983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Ba\u015fay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Pamukkale Univercity  Denizli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Pamukkale Univercity  Denizli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2251-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fen\u00a0\u00c7etin","family":"Karde\u015fler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Pamukkale Univercity  Denizli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Ya\u011f Dokusu Hormonlar\u0131; Genel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f","volume":"49","author":"Ahbah S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Haseki T\u0131p B\u00fclteni"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Amerikan Psikiyatri Birli\u011fi.2013. \u201cDSM 5\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3692-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00524-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1948.9918159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.056937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-1089-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03844-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00954-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370605100608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.12.1749"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0170-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","article-title":"Validation of the Turkish Versions of the Short\u2010Form Conners' Teacher and Parent Rating Scales","volume":"18","author":"Dereboy \u00c7.","year":"2007","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi Hiperaktivite Bozuklu\u011fu","author":"Ercan E.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-014-9333-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.101009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2008.01836.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"Karaka\u015f S.2004. \u201cBILNOT Bataryas\u0131 El Kitab\u0131 N\u00f6ropsikolojik Testler i\u00e7in Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Geli\u015ftirme \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Dizayn Ofset.\u201d Ankara."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38126-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(00)00143-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-4079(17)31049-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","volume-title":"Psikiyatri Temel Kitab\u0131","author":"K\u00f6ro\u011flu E.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2024.107169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.08.043"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"4110","article-title":"Correlation of Serum Orexin\u2010A Level With Cognitive Function and Serum Inflammatory Cytokines in Epileptic Patients","volume":"15","author":"Li J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2871-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-015-9315-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715587095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/79690"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0433-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","unstructured":"\u015eahin S.2013. \u201cDikkat Eksikli\u011fi Hiperaktivite Bozuklu\u011fu Olan \u00c7ocuk Ve Ergenlerde Metilfenidat Tedavisinin \u0130\u015ftah Ve Leptin Ghrelin Adiponektin Beyin Kaynakl\u0131 N\u00f6rotrofik Fakt\u00f6r D\u00fczeyleri \u00dczerine Etkisi\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517712865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.11.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190958"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","volume-title":"\u0130lk dikkat eksikli\u011fi hiperaktivite bozuklu\u011fu (DEHB) tan\u0131s\u0131 alan eri\u015fkin DEHB olgular\u0131n\u0131n serum adrenomedullin, ghrelin, oreksin A, y\u00fcksek molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 adiponektin d\u00fczeylerinin incelenmesi","author":"Sungur E.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-012-8201-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e32832a0b2b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0503-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.737459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-023-03869-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","article-title":"The Orexin Neuropeptide System: Physical Activity and Hypothalamic Function Throughout the Aging Process","volume":"8","author":"Zink A. N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdn.70014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T14:12:25Z","timestamp":1745503945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdn.70014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdn.70014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdn.70014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-5748","1873-474X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-5748","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-474X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70014"}}