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The sample included 22 children with \u2018pure\u2019 CDS and 42 healthy controls. Our findings indicated that serum levels of telomerase and SIRT1 were significantly elevated in the CDS group compared to the control group, while levels of MMP\u20109 and NO were significantly reduced. When adjusting for age and gender, the presence of CDS significantly predicted higher serum telomerase levels and lower serum MMP\u20109 and NO levels. However, it was not a significant predictor of serum levels of SIRT1. Additionally, the serum levels of telomerase and SIRT1 were positively related to the severity of daydreaming symptoms in the CDS group but not to sluggishness. This investigation is the first to explore serum levels of MMP\u20109, SIRT1, telomerase and NO in children with CDS. The results suggest that these biomarkers may serve as potential tools for diagnosing and monitoring CDS. Additional research is required to elucidate the relationship of these biomarkers to specific CDS symptoms, such as daydreaming and sluggishness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T08:29:33Z","timestamp":1748852973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum Levels of Nitric Oxide, SIRT1, MMP\u20109 and Telomerase in Children With Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3272-7875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema\u00a0\u00d6znur","family":"\u00c7eltik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Antalya City Hospital  Antalya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arif","family":"\u00d6nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Akdeniz University School of Medicine  Antalya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5203-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berhan","family":"Akda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Silifke State Hospital  Mersin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2191-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sad\u0131ka\u00a0Halide","family":"Akba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Akdeniz University School of Medicine  Antalya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1978-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berke","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Akdeniz University School of Medicine  Antalya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9032-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet\u00a0Emre","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Antalya City Hospital  Antalya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7485-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet\u00a0Fatih","family":"B\u00fct\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Neurology Harakani State Hospital  Kars T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2244-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilal","family":"Yaz\u0131c\u0131\u00a0Kopuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Gaziantep City Hospital  Gaziantep T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4533-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zge\u00a0Gizli","family":"\u00c7oban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Akdeniz University School of Medicine  Antalya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6223-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"S\u00fcrer\u00a0Adan\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Akdeniz University School of Medicine  Antalya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.05.017"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","article-title":"Sirtuin 1 Expression Enhances the Inflammatory Response in Allergic Rhinitis Combined With Asthma","volume":"77","author":"Almzaiel J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Razi Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23723556.2019.1632613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.734259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0001517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker S. 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