{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:03:45Z","timestamp":1789124625616,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It has been reported that disruptions in the metabolic pathways of tryptophan, the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin, may contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, further research is needed. Therefore, this study aims to assess the gene expression levels of two key enzymes involved in tryptophan metabolism, monoamine oxidase A (\n                      <jats:italic>MAOA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and tryptophan hydroxylase\u20101 (\n                      <jats:italic>TPH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), in male children diagnosed with ASD, and to explore their relationship with autism severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For this purpose, 30 male children diagnosed with ASD according to the DSM\u20105 diagnostic criteria, who presented to the Institutional Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic, and 30 male children who presented to the same clinic with no psychiatric disorders detected were recruited as the control group. The subjects were administered the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The expressions of\n                      <jats:italic>MAOA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TPH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were determined using Quantitative Real\u2010Time PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The expression levels of\n                      <jats:italic>MAOA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TPH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were significantly reduced in the patient group compared to the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017 and 0.000, respectively). No statistically significant results were obtained between autism severity and the expression levels of these genes within the patient group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study is the first to investigate and establish a correlation between the expression levels of the\n                      <jats:italic>MAOA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TPH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes and ASD using human blood samples. Low\n                      <jats:italic>MAOA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>TPH1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression levels, may contribute to serotonergic dysregulation potentially acting as risk factors involved in ASD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T06:41:09Z","timestamp":1764916869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Low Expression Levels of\n                    <i>MAOA<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>TPH1<\/i>\n                    Genes May Represent Risk Factors in Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder\u2014A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Hilal","family":"Akalin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics Erciyes University, School of Medicine  Kayseri T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0180-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berrin","family":"Bilgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Aydin Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine  Aydin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibelnur","family":"Avcil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Aydin Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine  Aydin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1651-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seda","family":"Orenay\u2010Boyacioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics Aydin Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine  Efeler, Ayd\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2018.5.21751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.69601\/meandrosmdj.1599737"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-4-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1888-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20201205-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0109-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11090848"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Dysfunctional Placental Tryptophan Metabolism Is a Molecular Mechanism Linking Maternal Inflammation to Altered Fetal Neurodevelopment and Adult Neurological Function","author":"Goeden N. S.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1288"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86162-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbl.30470"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7202a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-022-01260-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/GENSR2201439B"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30356"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02408436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/713109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12499"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000471509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2016.00065"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Psychogenetics of Human Spatial Abilities","volume":"18","author":"\u0422\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0420.","year":"2021","journal-title":"\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdn.70073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T06:49:13Z","timestamp":1766472553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdn.70073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdn.70073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdn.70073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-5748","1873-474X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-5748","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-474X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70073"}}