{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:47:31Z","timestamp":1789609651561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dyslexia has been associated with atypical eye\u2013movement control, but whether such differences arise only during reading or reflect broader oculomotor control remains debated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared 40 children with dyslexia and 40 age\/sex matched controls (8\u201312\u2009years). Binocular eye movements were recorded with infrared video\u2010oculography (VOG) using a clinical VNG platform's oculomotor module. Participants performed a random\u2010step horizontal saccade task (targets at \u00b115\u00b0 and \u00b120\u00b0 from midline (step amplitudes 5\u00b0\u201340\u00b0); pseudo\u2010random 3\u20134\u2009s intervals). Saccades were detected with manufacturer thresholds (40\u00b0\/s, 800\u00b0\/s\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Primary outcomes were peak velocity (\u00b0\/s), accuracy (%) and latency (ms); optokinetic responses (OKR) were analysed for each eye, and we report the interocular OKR difference (%). Trials with blinks\/track\u2010loss were excluded a priori.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with controls, children with dyslexia showed slower saccades (307.5\u00b0\/s vs. 453.5\u00b0\/s), lower accuracy (71.5% vs. 98.5%) and longer latency (260.0 vs. 131.5\u2009ms), all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001. Right\u2010eye OKR was reduced, whereas left\u2010eye OKR did not differ significantly, and the interocular OKR difference was significantly larger in dyslexia. These group differences remained significant after adjustment for relevant socio\u2010demographic covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with dyslexia exhibited robust oculomotor differences during a nonreading task, consistent with altered visually guided saccade control. These results are associative rather than causal and suggest that oculomotor measures may provide complementary insight into dyslexia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.70132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T08:46:28Z","timestamp":1777970788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oculomotor Dysfunctions in Nonreading Tasks in Children With Dyslexia: Saccadic and Optokinetic Findings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Meliksah Safa","family":"U\u00e7ok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elbistan State Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  Kahramanmara\u015f Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6056-8157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Din\u00e7er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adnan Menderes University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  Ayd\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceren","family":"Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences, G\u00fclhane Training and Research Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra G\u00fcng\u00f6r","family":"Ba\u011fl\u0131cako\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Etlik City Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"Ayaro\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zonguldak Maternity and Child Diseases Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  Zonguldak Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eahin","family":"Bodur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences, G\u00fclhane Training and Research Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Ayhan","family":"C\u00f6ng\u00f6lo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences, G\u00fclhane Training and Research Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  Ankara 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