{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T02:25:31Z","timestamp":1787192731366,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004621","name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the possible protective effects of abscisic acid (ABA), a naturally occurring phytohormone with incipient neuromodulatory properties, to alleviate cognitive and neurological alterations in a valproate (VPA)\u2010induced rat model of autism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ABA was injected intra\u2010CA1 hippocampal (0.5, 1, 1.5\u2009\u03bcg\/rat) in both VPA\u2010exposed and control rats. Spatial learning and memory retention was validated by Morris water maze (MWM). Additionally, hippocampal levels of oxidative stress biomarkers\u2014hydrogen peroxide (H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and malondialdehyde (MDA)\u2014were quantified. The expression of key neuroplasticity\u2010related genes (BDNF, TrkB, PI3K and AKT) was also evaluated via real\u2010time PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      VPA\u2010exposed rats exhibited significant deficits in learning and memory, alongside elevated hippocampal oxidative stress and downregulation of BDNF\/TrkB and PI3K\/AKT signalling. ABA treatment dose\u2010dependently reversed learning and memory impairments. Moreover, ABA (1.5\u2009\u03bcg\/rat) significantly reduced H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and MDA levels and restored the gene expression of BDNF, TrkB, PI3K and AKT in the hippocampus, indicating coordinated enhancement of antioxidant defences and neurotrophic transcriptional activity. However, ABA's efficiency in improving these responses was completely blocked by nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, and chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, our results highlight the promising potential of ABA as a treatment for ASD while emphasising the necessity for more research to entirely elucidate its underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:46:11Z","timestamp":1783467971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Abscisic Acid Enhances Hippocampal Neuroplasticity and Rescues Learning and Memory Deficits in a Valproate\u2010Induced Rat Model of Autism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Nikta","family":"Doustdar_Sanaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Abbasnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Kooshki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Lorestan University  Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5550-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Esmaeili_Mahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5495-5289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Mohammad","family":"Pourrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229\u2010017\u20100160\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.615114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2396941517742078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609379104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npbr.2020.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2012.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/54824"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(68)90654-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.23661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010022\u201007395\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1634067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/AJP.2020.16777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035\u2010021\u201002611\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.4.1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.6315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2022.e00748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.09.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"The Rat Brain In Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos G.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010022\u201007775\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.112278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986\u2010016\u20100137\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064\u2010020\u201003147\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(99)00197-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400830"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031\u2010016\u20100872\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2696"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdn.70156","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jdn.70156","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jdn.70156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T02:12:56Z","timestamp":1787191976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jdn.70156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jdn.70156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdn.70156","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-5748","1873-474X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-5748","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-474X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70156"}}