{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T11:57:39Z","timestamp":1769255859130,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exper Analysis Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Walking is a common and preferred form of exercise. Although there are current recommendations for walking volume (e.g., steps per day), recent research has begun to distinguish volume from intensity (e.g., \u201cbrisk\u201d walking) as an important dimension of exercise. Increasing intensity may confer health advantages beyond volume measures because it shifts cardiovascular performance to more vigorous training zones. Reinforcement\u2010based approaches have been valuable in increasing volume measures of exercise, and the present study sought to develop a corresponding reinforcement approach to training walking intensity. For this study, we used a continuous reinforcement paradigm where music played only while walking met specified criteria; otherwise, music playback stopped. As a result, music was synchronized with walking performance. Seventeen participants walked on a nonmotorized treadmill at a self\u2010selected pace. Across the session, different conditions arranged for music to play independent of walking speed or contingent on speed increases or decreases. An extinction component assessed performance when music was withdrawn completely. Walking speed was selectively increased and decreased by adjusting the contingencies that were arranged for music, and variability in speed increased during extinction, with both findings indicating that music was a reinforcer. Heart rate was also increased to moderate\u2013vigorous intensities during reinforcement. The findings provide a compelling case that walking intensity can be modified by music reinforcement. We suggest that synchronous schedules may be an important foundation for future exercise technologies that are based on reinforcement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeab.4219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T05:43:54Z","timestamp":1728971034000},"page":"362-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Application of synchronous music reinforcement to increase walking speed: A novel approach for training intensity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Pinkston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Behavior Science University of Kansas  Lawrence KS USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Manitoba  Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasha R.","family":"Baruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Manitoba  Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5894-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John T.","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Auburn University  Auburn AL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shreeya","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Family Studies University of South Florida  Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6331-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond G.","family":"Miltenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Manitoba  Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Increasing pedal duration on a stationary recumbent bicycle in children with autism spectrum disorder by comparing the effectiveness of immediate versus delayed reinforcement","volume":"31","author":"Anderson D. 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