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However, questions remain about reduced\u2010nicotine cigarette abuse liability, whether reduced\u2010nicotine cigarette exposure lowers reduced\u2010 and full\u2010nicotine cigarette use, and whether reduced\u2010nicotine cigarettes substitute for full\u2010nicotine cigarettes. This randomized, double\u2010blind laboratory study used operant behavioral economics to examine abuse liability of cigarettes with varying nicotine content. Non\u2010treatment\u2010seeking smokers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200943) self\u2010administered reduced\u2010 (5.2, 2.4, or 1.3\u2009mg\/g) and full\u2010nicotine (15.8\u2009mg\/g) cigarettes before and after 3\u2009weeks of at\u2010home exposure. Participants were randomized to full\u2010nicotine or one of the reduced\u2010nicotine cigarettes to determine the effect of exposure on abuse liability and substitutability. Abuse liability was assessed in single\u2010commodity sessions, and substitutability was measured in concurrent\u2010commodity sessions. In the self\u2010administration sessions, concurrently available reduced\u2010nicotine cigarettes attenuated full\u2010nicotine cigarette demand and rendered reduced\u2010nicotine cigarettes partial substitutes for full\u2010nicotine cigarettes. Exposure to study cigarettes for 3\u2009weeks marginally reduced demand for reduced\u2010 and full\u2010nicotine cigarettes irrespective of nicotine content. Results suggest a limited influence of nicotine content on smoking behavior in established smokers and highlight the role of nonpharmacological factors (e.g., taste\/smell) on the maintenance of smoking. These results should be considered in determining whether a nicotine\u2010reduction standard is a feasible path for reducing cigarette demand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeab.4223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T15:09:40Z","timestamp":1730732980000},"page":"282-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experience with reduced\u2010nicotine cigarettes and whether this decreases smoking and substitution for full\u2010nicotine cigarettes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9772-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gideon P.","family":"Naud\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD 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