{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T01:00:36Z","timestamp":1785114036195,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001509","name":"Royal Society Te Ap\u0101rangi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UOO2114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOO2114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exper Analysis Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Matching\u2010to\u2010sample (MTS) procedures are commonly employed to study learning and behavior, but they have rarely been used with dogs. One MTS procedure that might have applied and experimental value is an odor\u2013visual matching procedure in which selection of a specific visual stimulus is reinforced following exposure to a specific odor. We evaluated such a procedure using an automated odor delivery apparatus and touchscreen apparatus for selection of arbitrary shapes. In Experiment 1, four dogs performed with above\u2010chance accuracy when working with two odors, but only one dog met criteria to progress to training with a third odor. With the goal of improving performance, Experiment 2 involved the same procedures but added an error\u2010correction procedure and an errorless\u2010learning procedure. The errorless\u2010learning procedure may have been counterproductive, as dogs performed with chance accuracy in the MTS task and failed to complete all steps of the errorless\u2010learning procedure. In Experiment 3, we evaluated dogs' ability to perform a visual\u2013visual matching task based closely on the procedures used in Experiment 2. This investigation produced similar findings, but two of four dogs performed with above\u2010chance accuracy, suggesting that visual\u2013visual matching may be established more readily than odor\u2013visual matching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeab.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:35:47Z","timestamp":1780544147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Odor\u2013visual and visual\u2013visual matching to sample with dogs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1569-5656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Social Sciences University of Waikato  New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Campbell\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Social Sciences University of Waikato  New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Lints","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Social Sciences University of Waikato  New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arihant","family":"Ambalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Social Sciences University of Waikato  New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwan","family":"Downie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Social Sciences University of Waikato  New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2011.96-139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009213286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13420-023-00571-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeab.848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1404-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1992.58-183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.116.3.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(89)90092-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjz039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.109895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.646022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2023.101944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097859"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2007.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-1997-1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xan0000281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2014.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Martucci K.(2014).How smart is your dog? An experimental analysis of canine learning abilities. [Unpublished master's thesis Washington State University].https:\/\/rex.libraries.wsu.edu\/view\/pdfCoverPage?instCode=01ALLIANCE_WSU&filePid=13351495610001842&download=true"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"R Core Team(2025).R: A language and environment for statistical computing[Computer software]. 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