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Among the factors that contribute to a person's level of DD, a burgeoning body of research has illuminated its genetic foundations and the extent to which it may be a mechanistically informative phenotype for genetic contributions to addiction, obesity, attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, and a wide array of other health behaviors. In this review, we provide a concise history of quantification of DD as a human decision\u2010making phenotype, tracing its origins from economics and operant learning theory, and critically synthesize the existing evidence on its genetic architecture. Finally, despite innate genetic contributions, we also discuss evidence that DD is a modifiable health behavior, with high potential in precision medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeab.70120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:04:18Z","timestamp":1781787858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Genoeconomics of Impulsive Intertemporal Choice: A Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4212-2607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei Q.","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton  Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  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