{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:58:48Z","timestamp":1790301528522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD093734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD093734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exper Analysis Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Resurgence is an increase in a previously reduced target behavior with worsening conditions for a more recently reinforced alternative behavior. Alternating sessions in which alternative reinforcement is available (i.e., \u201con\u201d sessions) versus extinction (i.e., \u201coff\u201d sessions) during treatment (i.e., contingency discrimination training [CDT]) reduces resurgence. This experiment examined whether CDT could mitigate resurgence without complete extinction during \u201coff\u201d sessions. Target lever pressing of rats was reinforced in baseline and then extinguished during treatment. In treatment, all groups experienced \u201con\u201d sessions with high\u2010rate alternative reinforcement delivered on a variable\u2010interval (VI) 10\u2010s schedule. \u201cOff\u201d sessions arranged either extinction, the same (VI 10\u2009s), or lower rates of alternative reinforcement (VI 12.5\u2009s, VI 16.6\u2009s, VI 25\u2009s, or VI 50\u2009s). CDT eliminated resurgence only when extinction was arranged during \u201coff\u201d sessions, but resurgence was reduced when the VI 50\u2009s was arranged. Resurgence as choice in context theory described the data well, assuming that the biasing effects of discriminating the relevant contingencies are a function of the ratio of alternative reinforcement rates for \u201coff\u201d versus \u201con\u201d sessions. These findings suggest CDT can reduce resurgence without requiring extinction of the alternative response if alternating reinforcement rates differ enough across sessions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeab.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:13:01Z","timestamp":1789708381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contingency discrimination training and resurgence: Effects of nonzero alternative reinforcement rates during \u201coff\u201d sessions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6338-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Shahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah State University  Logan UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9312-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua B.","family":"Hiltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah State University  Logan UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3476-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matias","family":"Avellaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah State University  Logan UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8256-9994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian D.","family":"Greer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Specialized Hospital\u2013Rutgers University Center for Autism Research, Education, and Services (CSH\u2013RUCARES)  Somerset NJ USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Brain Health Institute  Piscataway NJ USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2006.57-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1969.12-861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13420-015-0197-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1994.1111"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Resurgence of previously reinforced behavior during extinction","volume":"3","author":"Epstein R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Behaviour Analysis Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2022.104639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1962.5-529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40614-025-00442-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404965101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295x.107.2.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.1083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1961.4-267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1970.13-243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xan0000205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jaba.971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5514\/rmac.v41.i2.63716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1999.32-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Quantitative analyses of behavior: Vol 1. 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