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Nerve fibers around blood vessels and glomus cells within the chemoreceptive organ contain immunoreactivities (IR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calretinin (CR), calbindin D\u201028k (CB), parvalbumin (PV), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Parasympathetic neurons scattered around the carotid body contain VIP, choline acetyltransferase, and vanilloid receptor 1\u2010like receptor. In the mammalian carotid body, transection of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) causes the absence or decrease of CGRP\u2010, SP\u2010, and NOS\u2010immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers, whereas all NPY\u2010IR nerve fibers disappear after removal of the superior cervical ganglion. Most VIP\u2010IR nerve fibers disappear but a few persist after sympathetic ganglionectomy. In addition, the CSN transection appears to cause the acquisition of GAL\u2010IR in originally immunonegative glomus cells and nerve fibers within the rat carotid body. On the other hand, 4%, 25%, 17%, and less than 1% of petrosal neurons retrogradely labeled from the rat CSN contain TH\u2010, CGRP\u2010, SP\u2010, and VIP\u2010IR, respectively. In the chicken carotid body, many CGRP\u2010 and SP\u2010IR nerve fibers disappear after vagus nerve transection or nodose ganglionectomy. GAL\u2010, NPY\u2010, and VIP\u2010IR nerve fibers mostly disappear after removal of the 14th cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. The origin and functional significance of the various neurochemical substances present in the carotid body is discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:188\u2013195, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,17]],"date-time":"2002-10-17T15:56:14Z","timestamp":1034870174000},"page":"188-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Innervation of the carotid body: Immunohistochemical, denervation, and retrograde tracing studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/18906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Substance P\u2010like immunoreactivity in rat and cat carotid bodies: light and electron microscopic studies","volume":"1","author":"Chen II","year":"1986","journal-title":"Histol 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